Integrated optimization of charging infrastructure, electric bus scheduling and energy systems

Arsalan Najafi; Kun Gao; Omkar Parishwad; Georgios Tsaousoglou; Sheng Jin; Wen Yi

doi:10.1016/j.trd.2025.104664

Integrated optimization of charging infrastructure, electric bus scheduling and energy systems

Arsalan Najafi, Kun Gao^*, Omkar Parishwad, Georgios Tsaousoglou, Sheng Jin, Wen Yi

^*Corresponding author for this work

Research output: Contribution to journal › Journal article › Research › peer-review

Abstract

The adoption of Battery Electric Buses (BEBs) in electric public transit systems presents a significant opportunity for advancing sustainable transportation. This study introduces a holistic framework for joint optimization of charging infrastructure, charging scheduling, and integration of renewable energy resources (RES), considering impacts on Power distribution network (PDN). To address the complex optimization, a decomposition approach is employed to linearize the problem and divide it into master and subproblems for efficient resolution. A case study in Skövde, Sweden demonstrates that the proposed methodology optimizes charging infrastructure deployment and scheduling to reduce the overall system costs. Meanwhile, high charging demand from BEBs in some periods to fulfil operation scheduling may result in violation of technical constraints of the PDN (more than 4%), without RES. The incorporation and optimization of RES with battery energy storage can cater to spatiotemporal charging demand of BEB while enhancing stability and safety of PDN.

Original language	English
Article number	104664
Journal	Transportation Research, Part D: Transport and Environment
Volume	141
Number of pages	24
ISSN	1361-9209
DOIs	https://doi.org/10.1016/j.trd.2025.104664
Publication status	Published - 2025

Keywords

Benders decomposition
Charging infrastructure
Charging scheduling
Electric transport
Renewable energy

UN SDGs

This output contributes to the following UN Sustainable Development Goals (SDGs)

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title = "Integrated optimization of charging infrastructure, electric bus scheduling and energy systems",

abstract = "The adoption of Battery Electric Buses (BEBs) in electric public transit systems presents a significant opportunity for advancing sustainable transportation. This study introduces a holistic framework for joint optimization of charging infrastructure, charging scheduling, and integration of renewable energy resources (RES), considering impacts on Power distribution network (PDN). To address the complex optimization, a decomposition approach is employed to linearize the problem and divide it into master and subproblems for efficient resolution. A case study in Sk{\"o}vde, Sweden demonstrates that the proposed methodology optimizes charging infrastructure deployment and scheduling to reduce the overall system costs. Meanwhile, high charging demand from BEBs in some periods to fulfil operation scheduling may result in violation of technical constraints of the PDN (more than 4%), without RES. The incorporation and optimization of RES with battery energy storage can cater to spatiotemporal charging demand of BEB while enhancing stability and safety of PDN.",

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AU - Najafi, Arsalan

AU - Gao, Kun

AU - Parishwad, Omkar

AU - Tsaousoglou, Georgios

AU - Jin, Sheng

AU - Yi, Wen

PY - 2025

Y1 - 2025

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AB - The adoption of Battery Electric Buses (BEBs) in electric public transit systems presents a significant opportunity for advancing sustainable transportation. This study introduces a holistic framework for joint optimization of charging infrastructure, charging scheduling, and integration of renewable energy resources (RES), considering impacts on Power distribution network (PDN). To address the complex optimization, a decomposition approach is employed to linearize the problem and divide it into master and subproblems for efficient resolution. A case study in Skövde, Sweden demonstrates that the proposed methodology optimizes charging infrastructure deployment and scheduling to reduce the overall system costs. Meanwhile, high charging demand from BEBs in some periods to fulfil operation scheduling may result in violation of technical constraints of the PDN (more than 4%), without RES. The incorporation and optimization of RES with battery energy storage can cater to spatiotemporal charging demand of BEB while enhancing stability and safety of PDN.

KW - Benders decomposition

KW - Charging infrastructure

KW - Charging scheduling

KW - Electric transport

KW - Renewable energy

U2 - 10.1016/j.trd.2025.104664

DO - 10.1016/j.trd.2025.104664

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JF - Transportation Research, Part D: Transport and Environment

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Integrated optimization of charging infrastructure, electric bus scheduling and energy systems

Abstract

Keywords

UN SDGs

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