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Abstract
This thesis addresses the topic of control of flexible demand to provide support
to the operation of the electric power system. We focus on the indirect
control approach, a framework that enables demand response by means of a
consumption incentive signal.
Initially, the concept of flexibility is defined and a classification of flexible electric
loads is presented. In order to evaluate the potential of flexible demand, the
storage capacity associated with the operation of a number domestic electric
loads is quantified by means of simulations.
Subsequently, the topic of indirect control of flexible demand is addressed. We
investigate the subject considering both how to achieve a shift in the consumption
of the single DSRs, and how to generate the indirect control signal for a
population of DSRs in order to support the operation of the grid. In the former
case, we develop algorithms that achieve a shift in the consumption according
to an indirect control signal. We present from simple control algorithms with a
few requirements up to model predictive control strategies. The performance of
the indirect control algorithms are compared by means of hardware-in-the-loop
simulations using Power Flexhouse, a facility of DTU Elektro for testing demand
side management strategies, as experimental site. In the latter case, we develop
four applications where flexible demand is required to support power system operations.
The applications are: integration of the operation of flexible demand
and conventional generating units by means of unit commitment, mitigation of
congestions in radial distribution networks, photo-voltaic self consumption and
consumption peak shaving by means of a distributed optimization strategy.
Finally, motivated by the perspective of the interplay between flexible demand
and storage in the operation of the future power system, we develop a model
predictive control strategy for a smart building with the objective of supplying
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space heating and providing regulating power to the grid according to a dynamic
electricity price. We named this application energy replacement to indicate that
the predictive control is able to switch among several energy sources to supply
space heating according to the electricity cost.
In the process of developing this work, we propose novel validated mathematical
models for a domestic refrigeration unit and a fuel cell. Models are realized
applying a state-of-the-art grey-box methodology, using measurements from the
following experimental devices: the freezer of Power Flexhouse and the 15 kW
PEM fuel cell of the EPFL Distributed Electrical Systems Laboratory (EPFLDESL).
Original language | English |
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Publisher | Technical University of Denmark, Department of Electrical Engineering |
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Number of pages | 220 |
Publication status | Published - 2014 |
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Dive into the research topics of 'Indirect control of flexible demand for power system applications.'. Together they form a unique fingerprint.Projects
- 1 Finished
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Control Strategies for price based control of demand side units
Sossan, F. (PhD Student), Bindner, H. W. (Main Supervisor), Gehrke, O. (Supervisor), Pinson, P. (Examiner), Anjos, M. F. (Examiner), Nørgård, P. B. (Supervisor) & Andersson, G. (Examiner)
01/12/2010 → 20/08/2014
Project: PhD