Impact of grid resolution in subgrid-scale wind farm parametrizations of mesoscale models and the need for thrust-coefficient calibration

We assess the impact of grid resolution on wind farm parameterizations (WFPs) enhanced with subgrid-scale wake information in the Weather Research and Forecasting (WRF) model. Using engineering wake models as input, we generate turbine-specific thrust and power curves to account for layout and directional effects. Simulations of a 6 × 6 offshore wind farm under varying inflow conditions and resolutions show that subgrid-aware WFPs capture directional sensitivity and reduce bias in farm-level thrust and power compared to medium fidelity wake references. However, wake extension differences remain across resolutions, even when thrust is calibrated, suggesting that wake recovery depends on planetary boundary layer schemes and model diffusion. These results underline the need for calibration and further testing on irregular layouts.