Imaging Renal Urea Handling in Rats at Millimeter Resolution using Hyperpolarized Magnetic Resonance Relaxometry

Galen D Reed; Cornelius von Morze; Alan S Verkman; Bertram L Koelsch; Myriam M Chaumeil; Michael Lustig; Sabrina M Ronen; Robert A Bok; Jeff M Sands; Peder E Z Larson; Zhen J Wang; Jan Henrik Ardenkjær-Larsen; John Kurhanewicz; Daniel B Vigneron

doi:10.18383/j.tom.2016.00127

Imaging Renal Urea Handling in Rats at Millimeter Resolution using Hyperpolarized Magnetic Resonance Relaxometry

Galen D Reed, Cornelius von Morze, Alan S Verkman, Bertram L Koelsch, Myriam M Chaumeil, Michael Lustig, Sabrina M Ronen, Robert A Bok, Jeff M Sands, Peder E Z Larson, Zhen J Wang, Jan Henrik Ardenkjær-Larsen, John Kurhanewicz, Daniel B Vigneron

University of California at San Diego

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Abstract

In vivo spin spin relaxation time (T2) heterogeneity of hyperpolarized [(13)C,(15)N2]urea in the rat kidney was investigated. Selective quenching of the vascular hyperpolarized (13)C signal with a macromolecular relaxation agent revealed that a long-T2 component of the [(13)C,(15)N2]urea signal originated from the renal extravascular space, thus allowing the vascular and renal filtrate contrast agent pools of the [(13)C,(15)N2]urea to be distinguished via multi-exponential analysis. The T2 response to induced diuresis and antidiuresis was performed with two imaging agents: hyperpolarized [(13)C,(15)N2]urea and a control agent hyperpolarized bis-1,1-(hydroxymethyl)-1-(13)C-cyclopropane-(2)H8. Large T2 increases in the inner-medullar and papilla were observed with the former agent and not the latter during antidiuresis. Therefore, [(13)C,(15)N2]urea relaxometry is sensitive to two steps of the renal urea handling process: glomerular filtration and the inner-medullary urea transporter (UT)-A1 and UT-A3 mediated urea concentrating process. Simple motion correction and subspace denoising algorithms are presented to aid in the multi exponential data analysis. Furthermore, a T2-edited, ultra long echo time sequence was developed for sub-2 mm(3) resolution 3D encoding of urea by exploiting relaxation differences in the vascular and filtrate pools.

Original language	English
Journal	Tomography
Volume	2
Issue number	2
Pages (from-to)	125-135
ISSN	2379-1381
DOIs	https://doi.org/10.18383/j.tom.2016.00127
Publication status	Published - 2016

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Reed, G. D., von Morze, C., Verkman, A. S., Koelsch, B. L., Chaumeil, M. M., Lustig, M., Ronen, S. M., Bok, R. A., Sands, J. M., Larson, P. E. Z., Wang, Z. J., Ardenkjær-Larsen, J. H., Kurhanewicz, J., & Vigneron, D. B. (2016). Imaging Renal Urea Handling in Rats at Millimeter Resolution using Hyperpolarized Magnetic Resonance Relaxometry. Tomography, 2(2), 125-135. https://doi.org/10.18383/j.tom.2016.00127

@article{5d18b4a5af354890b87810b3e560a630,

title = "Imaging Renal Urea Handling in Rats at Millimeter Resolution using Hyperpolarized Magnetic Resonance Relaxometry",

abstract = "In vivo spin spin relaxation time (T2) heterogeneity of hyperpolarized [(13)C,(15)N2]urea in the rat kidney was investigated. Selective quenching of the vascular hyperpolarized (13)C signal with a macromolecular relaxation agent revealed that a long-T2 component of the [(13)C,(15)N2]urea signal originated from the renal extravascular space, thus allowing the vascular and renal filtrate contrast agent pools of the [(13)C,(15)N2]urea to be distinguished via multi-exponential analysis. The T2 response to induced diuresis and antidiuresis was performed with two imaging agents: hyperpolarized [(13)C,(15)N2]urea and a control agent hyperpolarized bis-1,1-(hydroxymethyl)-1-(13)C-cyclopropane-(2)H8. Large T2 increases in the inner-medullar and papilla were observed with the former agent and not the latter during antidiuresis. Therefore, [(13)C,(15)N2]urea relaxometry is sensitive to two steps of the renal urea handling process: glomerular filtration and the inner-medullary urea transporter (UT)-A1 and UT-A3 mediated urea concentrating process. Simple motion correction and subspace denoising algorithms are presented to aid in the multi exponential data analysis. Furthermore, a T2-edited, ultra long echo time sequence was developed for sub-2 mm(3) resolution 3D encoding of urea by exploiting relaxation differences in the vascular and filtrate pools.",

author = "Reed, {Galen D} and {von Morze}, Cornelius and Verkman, {Alan S} and Koelsch, {Bertram L} and Chaumeil, {Myriam M} and Michael Lustig and Ronen, {Sabrina M} and Bok, {Robert A} and Sands, {Jeff M} and Larson, {Peder E Z} and Wang, {Zhen J} and Ardenkj{\ae}r-Larsen, {Jan Henrik} and John Kurhanewicz and Vigneron, {Daniel B}",

year = "2016",

doi = "10.18383/j.tom.2016.00127",

language = "English",

volume = "2",

pages = "125--135",

journal = "Tomography",

issn = "2379-1381",

publisher = "Grapho Publications, LLC (Ann Abor, Michigan)",

number = "2",

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Reed, GD, von Morze, C, Verkman, AS, Koelsch, BL, Chaumeil, MM, Lustig, M, Ronen, SM, Bok, RA, Sands, JM, Larson, PEZ, Wang, ZJ, Ardenkjær-Larsen, JH, Kurhanewicz, J & Vigneron, DB 2016, 'Imaging Renal Urea Handling in Rats at Millimeter Resolution using Hyperpolarized Magnetic Resonance Relaxometry', Tomography, vol. 2, no. 2, pp. 125-135. https://doi.org/10.18383/j.tom.2016.00127

TY - JOUR

T1 - Imaging Renal Urea Handling in Rats at Millimeter Resolution using Hyperpolarized Magnetic Resonance Relaxometry

AU - Reed, Galen D

AU - von Morze, Cornelius

AU - Verkman, Alan S

AU - Koelsch, Bertram L

AU - Chaumeil, Myriam M

AU - Lustig, Michael

AU - Ronen, Sabrina M

AU - Bok, Robert A

AU - Sands, Jeff M

AU - Larson, Peder E Z

AU - Wang, Zhen J

AU - Ardenkjær-Larsen, Jan Henrik

AU - Kurhanewicz, John

AU - Vigneron, Daniel B

PY - 2016

Y1 - 2016

N2 - In vivo spin spin relaxation time (T2) heterogeneity of hyperpolarized [(13)C,(15)N2]urea in the rat kidney was investigated. Selective quenching of the vascular hyperpolarized (13)C signal with a macromolecular relaxation agent revealed that a long-T2 component of the [(13)C,(15)N2]urea signal originated from the renal extravascular space, thus allowing the vascular and renal filtrate contrast agent pools of the [(13)C,(15)N2]urea to be distinguished via multi-exponential analysis. The T2 response to induced diuresis and antidiuresis was performed with two imaging agents: hyperpolarized [(13)C,(15)N2]urea and a control agent hyperpolarized bis-1,1-(hydroxymethyl)-1-(13)C-cyclopropane-(2)H8. Large T2 increases in the inner-medullar and papilla were observed with the former agent and not the latter during antidiuresis. Therefore, [(13)C,(15)N2]urea relaxometry is sensitive to two steps of the renal urea handling process: glomerular filtration and the inner-medullary urea transporter (UT)-A1 and UT-A3 mediated urea concentrating process. Simple motion correction and subspace denoising algorithms are presented to aid in the multi exponential data analysis. Furthermore, a T2-edited, ultra long echo time sequence was developed for sub-2 mm(3) resolution 3D encoding of urea by exploiting relaxation differences in the vascular and filtrate pools.

AB - In vivo spin spin relaxation time (T2) heterogeneity of hyperpolarized [(13)C,(15)N2]urea in the rat kidney was investigated. Selective quenching of the vascular hyperpolarized (13)C signal with a macromolecular relaxation agent revealed that a long-T2 component of the [(13)C,(15)N2]urea signal originated from the renal extravascular space, thus allowing the vascular and renal filtrate contrast agent pools of the [(13)C,(15)N2]urea to be distinguished via multi-exponential analysis. The T2 response to induced diuresis and antidiuresis was performed with two imaging agents: hyperpolarized [(13)C,(15)N2]urea and a control agent hyperpolarized bis-1,1-(hydroxymethyl)-1-(13)C-cyclopropane-(2)H8. Large T2 increases in the inner-medullar and papilla were observed with the former agent and not the latter during antidiuresis. Therefore, [(13)C,(15)N2]urea relaxometry is sensitive to two steps of the renal urea handling process: glomerular filtration and the inner-medullary urea transporter (UT)-A1 and UT-A3 mediated urea concentrating process. Simple motion correction and subspace denoising algorithms are presented to aid in the multi exponential data analysis. Furthermore, a T2-edited, ultra long echo time sequence was developed for sub-2 mm(3) resolution 3D encoding of urea by exploiting relaxation differences in the vascular and filtrate pools.

U2 - 10.18383/j.tom.2016.00127

DO - 10.18383/j.tom.2016.00127

M3 - Journal article

C2 - 27570835

SN - 2379-1381

VL - 2

SP - 125

EP - 135

JO - Tomography

JF - Tomography

IS - 2

ER -

Imaging Renal Urea Handling in Rats at Millimeter Resolution using Hyperpolarized Magnetic Resonance Relaxometry

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