Human gut-associated lymphoid tissues (GALT); diversity, structure, and function

Urs M. Mörbe; Peter B. Jørgensen; Thomas M. Fenton; Nicole von Burg; Lene B. Riis; Jo Spencer; William W. Agace

doi:10.1038/s41385-021-00389-4

Human gut-associated lymphoid tissues (GALT); diversity, structure, and function

Urs M. Mörbe^*
, Peter B. Jørgensen
, Thomas M. Fenton
, Nicole von Burg
, Lene B. Riis
, Jo Spencer
, William W. Agace

^*Corresponding author for this work

University of Copenhagen
King's College London

Research output: Contribution to journal › Review › peer-review

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Abstract

Gut-associated lymphoid tissues (GALT) are the key antigen sampling and adaptive immune inductive sites within the intestinal wall. Human GALT includes the multi-follicular Peyer’s patches of the ileum, the vermiform appendix, and the numerous isolated lymphoid follicles (ILF) which are distributed along the length of the intestine. Our current understanding of GALT diversity and function derives primarily from studies in mice, and the relevance of many of these findings to human GALT remains unclear. Here we review our current understanding of human GALT diversity, structure, and composition as well as their potential for regulating intestinal immune responses during homeostasis and inflammatory bowel disease (IBD). Finally, we outline some key remaining questions regarding human GALT, the answers to which will advance our understanding of intestinal immune responses and provide potential opportunities to improve the treatment of intestinal diseases.

Original language	English
Journal	Mucosal Immunology
Volume	14
Pages (from-to)	793–802
ISSN	1933-0219
DOIs	https://doi.org/10.1038/s41385-021-00389-4
Publication status	Published - 2021

Bibliographical note

Funding Information:
The authors thank Professor A. Mowat (Glasgow University) for valuable feedback during preparation of the manuscript. This work was supported by grants from the Lundbeck Foundation (R155-2014-4184), Denmark and the Gut Cell Atlas, an initiative funded by the Leona M. and Harry B. Helmsley Charitable Trust, US.

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SDG 3 Good Health and Well-being

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title = "Human gut-associated lymphoid tissues (GALT); diversity, structure, and function",

abstract = "Gut-associated lymphoid tissues (GALT) are the key antigen sampling and adaptive immune inductive sites within the intestinal wall. Human GALT includes the multi-follicular Peyer{\textquoteright}s patches of the ileum, the vermiform appendix, and the numerous isolated lymphoid follicles (ILF) which are distributed along the length of the intestine. Our current understanding of GALT diversity and function derives primarily from studies in mice, and the relevance of many of these findings to human GALT remains unclear. Here we review our current understanding of human GALT diversity, structure, and composition as well as their potential for regulating intestinal immune responses during homeostasis and inflammatory bowel disease (IBD). Finally, we outline some key remaining questions regarding human GALT, the answers to which will advance our understanding of intestinal immune responses and provide potential opportunities to improve the treatment of intestinal diseases.",

author = "M{\"o}rbe, \{Urs M.\} and J{\o}rgensen, \{Peter B.\} and Fenton, \{Thomas M.\} and \{von Burg\}, Nicole and Riis, \{Lene B.\} and Jo Spencer and Agace, \{William W.\}",

note = "Funding Information: The authors thank Professor A. Mowat (Glasgow University) for valuable feedback during preparation of the manuscript. This work was supported by grants from the Lundbeck Foundation (R155-2014-4184), Denmark and the Gut Cell Atlas, an initiative funded by the Leona M. and Harry B. Helmsley Charitable Trust, US. ",

year = "2021",

doi = "10.1038/s41385-021-00389-4",

language = "English",

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T1 - Human gut-associated lymphoid tissues (GALT); diversity, structure, and function

AU - Mörbe, Urs M.

AU - Jørgensen, Peter B.

AU - Fenton, Thomas M.

AU - von Burg, Nicole

AU - Riis, Lene B.

AU - Spencer, Jo

AU - Agace, William W.

N1 - Funding Information: The authors thank Professor A. Mowat (Glasgow University) for valuable feedback during preparation of the manuscript. This work was supported by grants from the Lundbeck Foundation (R155-2014-4184), Denmark and the Gut Cell Atlas, an initiative funded by the Leona M. and Harry B. Helmsley Charitable Trust, US.

PY - 2021

Y1 - 2021

N2 - Gut-associated lymphoid tissues (GALT) are the key antigen sampling and adaptive immune inductive sites within the intestinal wall. Human GALT includes the multi-follicular Peyer’s patches of the ileum, the vermiform appendix, and the numerous isolated lymphoid follicles (ILF) which are distributed along the length of the intestine. Our current understanding of GALT diversity and function derives primarily from studies in mice, and the relevance of many of these findings to human GALT remains unclear. Here we review our current understanding of human GALT diversity, structure, and composition as well as their potential for regulating intestinal immune responses during homeostasis and inflammatory bowel disease (IBD). Finally, we outline some key remaining questions regarding human GALT, the answers to which will advance our understanding of intestinal immune responses and provide potential opportunities to improve the treatment of intestinal diseases.

AB - Gut-associated lymphoid tissues (GALT) are the key antigen sampling and adaptive immune inductive sites within the intestinal wall. Human GALT includes the multi-follicular Peyer’s patches of the ileum, the vermiform appendix, and the numerous isolated lymphoid follicles (ILF) which are distributed along the length of the intestine. Our current understanding of GALT diversity and function derives primarily from studies in mice, and the relevance of many of these findings to human GALT remains unclear. Here we review our current understanding of human GALT diversity, structure, and composition as well as their potential for regulating intestinal immune responses during homeostasis and inflammatory bowel disease (IBD). Finally, we outline some key remaining questions regarding human GALT, the answers to which will advance our understanding of intestinal immune responses and provide potential opportunities to improve the treatment of intestinal diseases.

U2 - 10.1038/s41385-021-00389-4

DO - 10.1038/s41385-021-00389-4

M3 - Review

C2 - 33753873

AN - SCOPUS:85103200580

SN - 1933-0219

VL - 14

SP - 793

EP - 802

JO - Mucosal Immunology

JF - Mucosal Immunology

ER -

Human gut-associated lymphoid tissues (GALT); diversity, structure, and function

Abstract

Bibliographical note

UN SDGs

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