How can mathematical models help in the biogas generation process?

Biogas has garnered increasing interest as a sustainable alternative to fossil fuels. However, due to the complexity of generating biogas, it is crucial to adopt adequate methodologies that aid planning, building, and running operations. Mathematical models have proven to be useful for assisting in the production of biogas, and they are applicable in different stages of the process. Therefore, the objective of this paper is to investigate how mathematical models can contribute to enhancing the efficiency and optimizing the biogas generation process. The Methodi Ordinatio methodology was used to conduct a systematic review of the literature. The VOSviewer software and the bibliometrix package in R were used to generate visual maps. The results revealed that mixed integer linear programming (MILP) models are the most common, accounting for 27% of the studies, followed by simulation models (SIM) with 14%, and hybrid models (HYB) and nonlinear programming models (NLP) in equal proportions, both at 13%. These models are useful for predicting and simulating biogas production. The analysis also revealed a significant trend toward integrating biogas production with the agricultural sector. Continuous advancements and applications of mathematical models are expected to increasingly facilitate biogas generation, thereby propelling global energy usage toward a sustainable energy source.