High-resolution and light-weight silicon pore x-ray optics

Boris Landgraf; Luis Abalo; Nicolas M. Barrière; Alex Bayerle; Donny de Borst; Luigi Castiglione; Maximilien J. Collon; Loes Crama; Abdelhakim Chatbi; Noë Eenkhoorn; David Girou; Ramses Günther; Enrico Hauser; Roy van der Hoeven; Jasper den Hollander; Yvette Jenkins; Adam Lassise; Laurens Keek; Christian Körnig; Sebastian Obwaller; Ben Okma; Paulo da Silva Ribeiro; Chris Rizos; Aniket Thete; Giuseppe Vacanti; Sjoerd Verhoeckx; Mark Vervest; Roel Visser; Luc Voruz; Marcos Bavdaz; Eric Wille; Ivo Ferreira; Mathijs Bosman; Jeroen Haneveld; Arenda Koelewijn; Jan-Joost Lankwarden; Mark Olde Riekerink; Bart Schurink; Ronald Start; Maurice Wijnperle; Coen van Baren; Levent Cibik; Michael Krumrey; Dieter Skroblin; Vadim Burwitz; Finn E. Christensen; Desirée Della Monica Ferreira; Sonny Massahi; Diego P. Sanz; Sara Svendsen; Ethan Dunnell; Paul Lupton; William Mundon; Andrew Rees; Dan Watley

doi:10.1117/12.2678106

High-resolution and light-weight silicon pore x-ray optics

Boris Landgraf^*, Luis Abalo, Nicolas M. Barrière, Alex Bayerle, Donny de Borst, Luigi Castiglione, Maximilien J. Collon, Loes Crama, Abdelhakim Chatbi, Noë Eenkhoorn, David Girou, Ramses Günther, Enrico Hauser, Roy van der Hoeven, Jasper den Hollander, Yvette Jenkins, Adam Lassise, Laurens Keek, Christian Körnig, Sebastian ObwallerBen Okma, Paulo da Silva Ribeiro, Chris Rizos, Aniket Thete, Giuseppe Vacanti, Sjoerd Verhoeckx, Mark Vervest, Roel Visser, Luc Voruz, Marcos Bavdaz, Eric Wille, Ivo Ferreira, Mathijs Bosman, Jeroen Haneveld, Arenda Koelewijn, Jan-Joost Lankwarden, Mark Olde Riekerink, Bart Schurink, Ronald Start, Maurice Wijnperle, Coen van Baren, Levent Cibik, Michael Krumrey, Dieter Skroblin, Vadim Burwitz, Finn E. Christensen, Desirée Della Monica Ferreira, Sonny Massahi, Diego P. Sanz, Sara Svendsen, Ethan Dunnell, Paul Lupton, William Mundon, Andrew Rees, Dan Watley

^*Corresponding author for this work

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Abstract

Silicon Pore Optics (SPO) have been invented and developed to enable x-ray optics for space applications that require a combination of high angular resolution while being light-weight to allow achieving a large mirror surface area. In 2005, the SPO technology development was initiated by the European Space Agency (ESA) for a flagship x-ray telescope mission and is currently being planned as a baseline for the NewATHENA mission scheduled for launch in the 2030s. Its more than 2m diameter mirror will be segmented and comprises of 492 individual Silicon Pore Optics (SPO) grazing-angle imagers, called mirror modules. Arranged in concentric annuli and following a Wolter-Schwartzschild design, the mirror modules are made of several tens of primary-secondary mirror pairs, each mirror made of silicon, coated to increase the collective area of the system, and shaped to bring the incoming photons to a common focus in 12 m distance. The mission aims to deliver an angular resolution of better than nine arc-seconds (Half-energy width) and effective area of about 1.1 m² at an energy of 1 keV. We present in this paper the status of the optics production and illustrate not only recent x-ray results but also the progress made on the environmental testing, manufacturing and assembly aspects of SPO based optics.

Original language	English
Title of host publication	Proceedings of SPIE : Optics for EUV, X-Ray, and Gamma-Ray Astronomy XI
Editors	Stephen L. O'Dell, Jessica A. Gaskin, Giovanni Pareschi, Daniele Spiga
Number of pages	8
Volume	12679
Publisher	SPIE - The International Society for Optical Engineering
Publication date	2023
Article number	1267903
DOIs	https://doi.org/10.1117/12.2678106
Publication status	Published - 2023
Event	SPIE Optical Engineering + Applications 2023 - San Diego, United States Duration: 20 Aug 2023 → 25 Aug 2023

Conference

Conference	SPIE Optical Engineering + Applications 2023
Country/Territory	United States
City	San Diego
Period	20/08/2023 → 25/08/2023

Series	Proceedings of SPIE - The International Society for Optical Engineering
Volume	12679
ISSN	0277-786X

Keywords

X-ray optics
X-ray astronomy
Silicon
Wafer
Stack
Pore optics
X-ray telescopes
ATHENA
ARCUS
SPO

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Landgraf, B., Abalo, L., Barrière, N. M., Bayerle, A., Borst, D. D., Castiglione, L., Collon, M. J., Crama, L., Chatbi, A., Eenkhoorn, N., Girou, D., Günther, R., Hauser, E., Hoeven, R. V. D., Hollander, J. D., Jenkins, Y., Lassise, A., Keek, L., Körnig, C., ... Watley, D. (2023). High-resolution and light-weight silicon pore x-ray optics. In S. L. O'Dell, J. A. Gaskin, G. Pareschi, & D. Spiga (Eds.), Proceedings of SPIE: Optics for EUV, X-Ray, and Gamma-Ray Astronomy XI (Vol. 12679). Article 1267903 SPIE - The International Society for Optical Engineering. https://doi.org/10.1117/12.2678106

Landgraf, Boris ; Abalo, Luis ; Barrière, Nicolas M. et al. / High-resolution and light-weight silicon pore x-ray optics. Proceedings of SPIE: Optics for EUV, X-Ray, and Gamma-Ray Astronomy XI. editor / Stephen L. O'Dell ; Jessica A. Gaskin ; Giovanni Pareschi ; Daniele Spiga. Vol. 12679 SPIE - The International Society for Optical Engineering, 2023. (Proceedings of SPIE - The International Society for Optical Engineering, Vol. 12679).

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title = "High-resolution and light-weight silicon pore x-ray optics",

abstract = "Silicon Pore Optics (SPO) have been invented and developed to enable x-ray optics for space applications that require a combination of high angular resolution while being light-weight to allow achieving a large mirror surface area. In 2005, the SPO technology development was initiated by the European Space Agency (ESA) for a flagship x-ray telescope mission and is currently being planned as a baseline for the NewATHENA mission scheduled for launch in the 2030s. Its more than 2m diameter mirror will be segmented and comprises of 492 individual Silicon Pore Optics (SPO) grazing-angle imagers, called mirror modules. Arranged in concentric annuli and following a Wolter-Schwartzschild design, the mirror modules are made of several tens of primary-secondary mirror pairs, each mirror made of silicon, coated to increase the collective area of the system, and shaped to bring the incoming photons to a common focus in 12 m distance. The mission aims to deliver an angular resolution of better than nine arc-seconds (Half-energy width) and effective area of about 1.1 m2 at an energy of 1 keV. We present in this paper the status of the optics production and illustrate not only recent x-ray results but also the progress made on the environmental testing, manufacturing and assembly aspects of SPO based optics.",

keywords = "X-ray optics, X-ray astronomy, Silicon, Wafer, Stack, Pore optics, X-ray telescopes, ATHENA, ARCUS, SPO",

author = "Boris Landgraf and Luis Abalo and Barri{\`e}re, {Nicolas M.} and Alex Bayerle and Borst, {Donny de} and Luigi Castiglione and Collon, {Maximilien J.} and Loes Crama and Abdelhakim Chatbi and No{\"e} Eenkhoorn and David Girou and Ramses G{\"u}nther and Enrico Hauser and Hoeven, {Roy van der} and Hollander, {Jasper den} and Yvette Jenkins and Adam Lassise and Laurens Keek and Christian K{\"o}rnig and Sebastian Obwaller and Ben Okma and Ribeiro, {Paulo da Silva} and Chris Rizos and Aniket Thete and Giuseppe Vacanti and Sjoerd Verhoeckx and Mark Vervest and Roel Visser and Luc Voruz and Marcos Bavdaz and Eric Wille and Ivo Ferreira and Mathijs Bosman and Jeroen Haneveld and Arenda Koelewijn and Jan-Joost Lankwarden and Riekerink, {Mark Olde} and Bart Schurink and Ronald Start and Maurice Wijnperle and Baren, {Coen van} and Levent Cibik and Michael Krumrey and Dieter Skroblin and Vadim Burwitz and Christensen, {Finn E.} and Ferreira, {Desir{\'e}e Della Monica} and Sonny Massahi and Sanz, {Diego P.} and Sara Svendsen and Ethan Dunnell and Paul Lupton and William Mundon and Andrew Rees and Dan Watley",

year = "2023",

doi = "10.1117/12.2678106",

language = "English",

volume = "12679",

series = "Proceedings of SPIE - The International Society for Optical Engineering",

publisher = "SPIE - The International Society for Optical Engineering",

editor = "O'Dell, {Stephen L. } and Gaskin, {Jessica A. } and Giovanni Pareschi and Spiga, {Daniele }",

booktitle = "Proceedings of SPIE",

note = "SPIE Optical Engineering + Applications 2023 ; Conference date: 20-08-2023 Through 25-08-2023",

}

Landgraf, B, Abalo, L, Barrière, NM, Bayerle, A, Borst, DD, Castiglione, L, Collon, MJ, Crama, L, Chatbi, A, Eenkhoorn, N, Girou, D, Günther, R, Hauser, E, Hoeven, RVD, Hollander, JD, Jenkins, Y, Lassise, A, Keek, L, Körnig, C, Obwaller, S, Okma, B, Ribeiro, PDS, Rizos, C, Thete, A, Vacanti, G, Verhoeckx, S, Vervest, M, Visser, R, Voruz, L, Bavdaz, M, Wille, E, Ferreira, I, Bosman, M, Haneveld, J, Koelewijn, A, Lankwarden, J-J, Riekerink, MO, Schurink, B, Start, R, Wijnperle, M, Baren, CV, Cibik, L, Krumrey, M, Skroblin, D, Burwitz, V, Christensen, FE , Ferreira, DDM , Massahi, S , Sanz, DP , Svendsen, S, Dunnell, E, Lupton, P, Mundon, W, Rees, A & Watley, D 2023, High-resolution and light-weight silicon pore x-ray optics. in SL O'Dell, JA Gaskin, G Pareschi & D Spiga (eds), Proceedings of SPIE: Optics for EUV, X-Ray, and Gamma-Ray Astronomy XI. vol. 12679, 1267903, SPIE - The International Society for Optical Engineering, Proceedings of SPIE - The International Society for Optical Engineering, vol. 12679, SPIE Optical Engineering + Applications 2023, San Diego, California, United States, 20/08/2023. https://doi.org/10.1117/12.2678106

High-resolution and light-weight silicon pore x-ray optics. / Landgraf, Boris; Abalo, Luis; Barrière, Nicolas M. et al.
Proceedings of SPIE: Optics for EUV, X-Ray, and Gamma-Ray Astronomy XI. ed. / Stephen L. O'Dell; Jessica A. Gaskin; Giovanni Pareschi; Daniele Spiga. Vol. 12679 SPIE - The International Society for Optical Engineering, 2023. 1267903 (Proceedings of SPIE - The International Society for Optical Engineering, Vol. 12679).

Research output: Chapter in Book/Report/Conference proceeding › Article in proceedings › Research › peer-review

TY - GEN

T1 - High-resolution and light-weight silicon pore x-ray optics

AU - Landgraf, Boris

AU - Abalo, Luis

AU - Barrière, Nicolas M.

AU - Bayerle, Alex

AU - Borst, Donny de

AU - Castiglione, Luigi

AU - Collon, Maximilien J.

AU - Crama, Loes

AU - Chatbi, Abdelhakim

AU - Eenkhoorn, Noë

AU - Girou, David

AU - Günther, Ramses

AU - Hauser, Enrico

AU - Hoeven, Roy van der

AU - Hollander, Jasper den

AU - Jenkins, Yvette

AU - Lassise, Adam

AU - Keek, Laurens

AU - Körnig, Christian

AU - Obwaller, Sebastian

AU - Okma, Ben

AU - Ribeiro, Paulo da Silva

AU - Rizos, Chris

AU - Thete, Aniket

AU - Vacanti, Giuseppe

AU - Verhoeckx, Sjoerd

AU - Vervest, Mark

AU - Visser, Roel

AU - Voruz, Luc

AU - Bavdaz, Marcos

AU - Wille, Eric

AU - Ferreira, Ivo

AU - Bosman, Mathijs

AU - Haneveld, Jeroen

AU - Koelewijn, Arenda

AU - Lankwarden, Jan-Joost

AU - Riekerink, Mark Olde

AU - Schurink, Bart

AU - Start, Ronald

AU - Wijnperle, Maurice

AU - Baren, Coen van

AU - Cibik, Levent

AU - Krumrey, Michael

AU - Skroblin, Dieter

AU - Burwitz, Vadim

AU - Christensen, Finn E.

AU - Ferreira, Desirée Della Monica

AU - Massahi, Sonny

AU - Sanz, Diego P.

AU - Svendsen, Sara

AU - Dunnell, Ethan

AU - Lupton, Paul

AU - Mundon, William

AU - Rees, Andrew

AU - Watley, Dan

PY - 2023

Y1 - 2023

N2 - Silicon Pore Optics (SPO) have been invented and developed to enable x-ray optics for space applications that require a combination of high angular resolution while being light-weight to allow achieving a large mirror surface area. In 2005, the SPO technology development was initiated by the European Space Agency (ESA) for a flagship x-ray telescope mission and is currently being planned as a baseline for the NewATHENA mission scheduled for launch in the 2030s. Its more than 2m diameter mirror will be segmented and comprises of 492 individual Silicon Pore Optics (SPO) grazing-angle imagers, called mirror modules. Arranged in concentric annuli and following a Wolter-Schwartzschild design, the mirror modules are made of several tens of primary-secondary mirror pairs, each mirror made of silicon, coated to increase the collective area of the system, and shaped to bring the incoming photons to a common focus in 12 m distance. The mission aims to deliver an angular resolution of better than nine arc-seconds (Half-energy width) and effective area of about 1.1 m2 at an energy of 1 keV. We present in this paper the status of the optics production and illustrate not only recent x-ray results but also the progress made on the environmental testing, manufacturing and assembly aspects of SPO based optics.

AB - Silicon Pore Optics (SPO) have been invented and developed to enable x-ray optics for space applications that require a combination of high angular resolution while being light-weight to allow achieving a large mirror surface area. In 2005, the SPO technology development was initiated by the European Space Agency (ESA) for a flagship x-ray telescope mission and is currently being planned as a baseline for the NewATHENA mission scheduled for launch in the 2030s. Its more than 2m diameter mirror will be segmented and comprises of 492 individual Silicon Pore Optics (SPO) grazing-angle imagers, called mirror modules. Arranged in concentric annuli and following a Wolter-Schwartzschild design, the mirror modules are made of several tens of primary-secondary mirror pairs, each mirror made of silicon, coated to increase the collective area of the system, and shaped to bring the incoming photons to a common focus in 12 m distance. The mission aims to deliver an angular resolution of better than nine arc-seconds (Half-energy width) and effective area of about 1.1 m2 at an energy of 1 keV. We present in this paper the status of the optics production and illustrate not only recent x-ray results but also the progress made on the environmental testing, manufacturing and assembly aspects of SPO based optics.

KW - X-ray optics

KW - X-ray astronomy

KW - Silicon

KW - Wafer

KW - Stack

KW - Pore optics

KW - X-ray telescopes

KW - ATHENA

KW - ARCUS

KW - SPO

U2 - 10.1117/12.2678106

DO - 10.1117/12.2678106

M3 - Article in proceedings

VL - 12679

T3 - Proceedings of SPIE - The International Society for Optical Engineering

BT - Proceedings of SPIE

A2 - O'Dell, Stephen L.

A2 - Gaskin, Jessica A.

A2 - Pareschi, Giovanni

A2 - Spiga, Daniele

PB - SPIE - The International Society for Optical Engineering

T2 - SPIE Optical Engineering + Applications 2023

Y2 - 20 August 2023 through 25 August 2023

ER -

Landgraf B, Abalo L, Barrière NM, Bayerle A, Borst DD, Castiglione L et al. High-resolution and light-weight silicon pore x-ray optics. In O'Dell SL, Gaskin JA, Pareschi G, Spiga D, editors, Proceedings of SPIE: Optics for EUV, X-Ray, and Gamma-Ray Astronomy XI. Vol. 12679. SPIE - The International Society for Optical Engineering. 2023. 1267903. (Proceedings of SPIE - The International Society for Optical Engineering, Vol. 12679). doi: 10.1117/12.2678106

High-resolution and light-weight silicon pore x-ray optics

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