Hessian Locally Linear Embedding of PMU Data for Efficient Fault Detection in Power Systems

This article develops a computationally efficient fault-detection method for power systems, by exploiting phasor measurement unit (PMU) data and Hessian locally linear embedding (HLLE) technique. First, via HLLE technique, high-dimensional PMU data are transformed into low-dimensional embedding coordinates, which effectively captures the fluctuations of PMU data. Next, based on the feature space of embedding coordinates, T-squared statistic is employed for online fault detection. The method is evaluated on IEEE 39-bus system and a real-world system, exhibiting decent fault-detection performance as well as a considerably lower computational complexity when compared with existent methods.