Gray-box modelling approach for description of storage tunnel

The dynamics of a storage tunnel is examined using a model based on on-line measured data and a combination of simple deterministic and black-box stochastic elements. This approach, called gray-box modeling, is a new promising methodology for giving an on-line state description of sewer systems. The model in the present paper provides on-line information on overflow volumes, pumping capacities, and remaining storage capacities. A linear overflow relation is found, differing significantly from the traditional deterministic modeling approach. The linearity of the formulas is explained by the inertia of the water in the overflow structures. The capacity of a pump draining the storage tunnel is estimated for two different rain events, revealing that the pump was malfunctioning during the first rain event. The proposed modeling approach can be used in automated online surveillance and control and implemented in a SCADA system because the most important information on the specific system is provided on-line