TY - JOUR
T1 - Genotypic diversity of ciprofloxacin nonsusceptibility and its relationship with minimum inhibitory concentrations in nontyphoidal salmonella clinical isolates in taiwan
AU - Fang, Shiuh Bin
AU - Lauderdale, Tsai Ling Yang
AU - Huang, Chih Hung
AU - Chang, Pei Ru
AU - Wang, Yuan Hung
AU - Shigemura, Katsumi
AU - Lin, Ying Hsiu
AU - Chang, Wei Chiao
AU - Wang, Ke Chuan
AU - Huang, Tzu Wen
AU - Chang, Yu Chu
N1 - Publisher Copyright:
© 2021 by the authors. Licensee MDPI, Basel, Switzerland.
PY - 2021
Y1 - 2021
N2 - This study analyzed the genetic diversity of ciprofloxacin (CIP) nonsusceptibility and the relationship between two major mechanisms and minimum inhibitory concentrations (MICs) of CIP in nontyphoidal Salmonella (NTS). Chromosomal mutations in quinolone resistance-determining regions (QRDRs) and plasmid-mediated quinolone resistance (PMQR) genes were searched from ResFinder, ARG-ANNOT, and PubMed for designing the sequencing regions in gyrA, gyrB, parC, and parE, and the 13 polymerase chain reactions for PMQR genes. We found that QRDR mutations were detected in gyrA (82.1%), parC (59.0%), and parE (20.5%) but not in gyrB among the 39 isolates. Five of the 13 PMQR genes were identified, including oqxA (28.2%), oqxB (28.2%), qnrS (18.0%), aac(6′ )-Ib-cr (10.3%), and qnrB (5.1%), which correlated with the MICs of CIP within 0.25–2 µg/mL, and it was found that oxqAB contributed more than qnr genes to increase the MICs. All the isolates contained either QRDR mutations (53.8%), PMQR genes (15.4%), or both (30.8%). QRDR mutations (84.6%) were more commonly detected than PMQR genes (46.2%). QRDR mutation numbers were significantly associated with MICs (p < 0.001). Double mutations in gyrA and parC determined high CIP resistance (MICs ≥ 4 µg/mL). PMQR genes contributed to intermediate to low CIP resistance (MICs 0.25–2 µg/mL), thus providing insights into mechanisms underlying CIP resistance.
AB - This study analyzed the genetic diversity of ciprofloxacin (CIP) nonsusceptibility and the relationship between two major mechanisms and minimum inhibitory concentrations (MICs) of CIP in nontyphoidal Salmonella (NTS). Chromosomal mutations in quinolone resistance-determining regions (QRDRs) and plasmid-mediated quinolone resistance (PMQR) genes were searched from ResFinder, ARG-ANNOT, and PubMed for designing the sequencing regions in gyrA, gyrB, parC, and parE, and the 13 polymerase chain reactions for PMQR genes. We found that QRDR mutations were detected in gyrA (82.1%), parC (59.0%), and parE (20.5%) but not in gyrB among the 39 isolates. Five of the 13 PMQR genes were identified, including oqxA (28.2%), oqxB (28.2%), qnrS (18.0%), aac(6′ )-Ib-cr (10.3%), and qnrB (5.1%), which correlated with the MICs of CIP within 0.25–2 µg/mL, and it was found that oxqAB contributed more than qnr genes to increase the MICs. All the isolates contained either QRDR mutations (53.8%), PMQR genes (15.4%), or both (30.8%). QRDR mutations (84.6%) were more commonly detected than PMQR genes (46.2%). QRDR mutation numbers were significantly associated with MICs (p < 0.001). Double mutations in gyrA and parC determined high CIP resistance (MICs ≥ 4 µg/mL). PMQR genes contributed to intermediate to low CIP resistance (MICs 0.25–2 µg/mL), thus providing insights into mechanisms underlying CIP resistance.
KW - Ciprofloxacin nonsusceptibility
KW - Minimum inhibitory concentrations
KW - Nontyphoidal Salmonella
KW - Plasmid-mediated quinolone resistance
KW - Quinolone resistance determining regions
U2 - 10.3390/antibiotics10111383
DO - 10.3390/antibiotics10111383
M3 - Journal article
C2 - 34827321
AN - SCOPUS:85119601209
SN - 2079-6382
VL - 10
JO - Antibiotics
JF - Antibiotics
IS - 11
M1 - 1383
ER -