Generic dynamic wind turbine models for power system stability analysis: A comprehensive review

In recent years, international working groups, mainly from the International Electrotechnical Commission (IEC) and the Western Electricity Coordinating Council (WECC), have made a major effort to develop generic —also known as simplified or standard— dynamic wind turbine models to be used for power system stability analysis. These models are required by power system operators to conduct the planning and operation activities of their networks since the use of detailed manufacturer models is not practical. This paper presents a comprehensive review of the work done in this field, based on the results obtained by IEC and WECC working groups in the course of their research, which have motivated the publication of the IEC 61400-27 in February 2015. The final published versions of the generic models developed according to the existing four wind turbine technology types are detailed, highlighting the subsequent changes made during the development phase. The main differences between IEC and WECC generic models are also analyzed. Not only is the final model structure presented but we also provide a complete description of the physical behavior of wind turbines facing power system stability problems. Results are thus of great interest to grid operators, software developers, wind farm owners and researchers focused on the integration of wind energy into power systems.