General Circulation Model Errors Are Variable across Exoclimate Parameter Spaces

Pushkar Kopparla*, Russell Deitrick, Kevin Heng, João M. Mendonça, Mark Hammond

*Corresponding author for this work

    Research output: Contribution to journalJournal articleResearchpeer-review

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    Abstract

    General circulation models (GCMs) are often used to explore exoclimate parameter spaces and classify atmospheric circulation regimes. Models are tuned to give reasonable climate states for standard test cases, such as the Held–Suarez test, and then used to simulate diverse exoclimates by varying input parameters such as rotation rates, instellation, atmospheric optical properties, frictional timescales, and so on. In such studies, there is an implicit assumption that the model works reasonably well for the standard test case will be credible at all points in an arbitrarily wide parameter space. Here, we test this assumption using the open-source GCM THOR to simulate atmospheric circulation on tidally locked Earth-like planets with rotation periods of 0.1–100 days. We find that the model error, as quantified by the ratio between physical and spurious numerical contributions to the angular momentum balance, is extremely variable across this range of rotation periods with some cases where numerical errors are the dominant component. Increasing model grid resolution does improve errors, but using a higher-order numerical diffusion scheme can sometimes magnify errors for finite-volume dynamical solvers. We further show that to minimize error and make the angular momentum balance more physical within our model, the surface friction timescale must be smaller than the rotational timescale.
    Original languageEnglish
    Article number39
    JournalAstrophysical Journal
    Volume923
    Issue number1
    Number of pages8
    ISSN0004-637X
    DOIs
    Publication statusPublished - 2021

    Keywords

    • Exoplanet atmospheres
    • Exoplanet atmospheric variability
    • Computational methods

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