Gas-depleted planet formation occurred in the four-planet system around the red dwarf LHS 1903

Thomas G. Wilson; Anna M. Simpson; Andrew Collier Cameron; Ryan Cloutier; Vardan Adibekyan; Ancy Anna John; Yann Alibert; Manu Stalport; Jo Ann Egger; Andrea Bonfanti; Nicolas Billot; Pascal Guterman; Pierre F. L. Maxted; Attila E. Simon; Sérgio G. Sousa; Malcolm Fridlund; Mathias Beck; Anja Bekkelien; Sébastien Salmon; Valérie Van Grootel; Luca Fossati; Alexander James Mustill; Hugh P. Osborn; Tiziano Zingales; Matthew J. Hooton; Laura Affer; Suzanne Aigrain; Roi Alonso; Guillem Anglada; Alexandros Antoniadis-Karnavas; Tamas Bárczy; David Barrado Navascues; Susana C. C. Barros; Wolfgang Baumjohann; Thomas Beck; Willy Benz; Federico Biondi; Xavier Bonfils; Luca Borsato; Alexis Brandeker; Christopher Broeg; Lars A. Buchhave; Maximilian Buder; Juan Cabrera; Sebastian Carrazco Gaxiola; David Charbonneau; Sébastien Charnoz; David R. Ciardi; Karen A. Collins; Kevin I. Collins; Rosario Cosentino; Szilard Csizmadia; Patricio E. Cubillos; Shweta Dalal; Mario Damasso; James R. A. Davenport; Melvyn B. Davies; Magali Deleuil; Laetitia Delrez; Olivier D. S. Demangeon; Brice-Olivier Demory; Victoria DiTomasso; Diana Dragomir; Courtney D. Dressing; Xavier Dumusque; David Ehrenreich; Anders Erikson; Emma Esparza-Borges; Andrea Fortier; Izuru Fukuda; Akihiko Fukui; Davide Gandolfi; Adriano Ghedina; Steven Giacalone; Holden Gill; Michaël Gillon; Yilen Gómez Maqueo Chew; Manuel Güdel; Pere Guerra; Maximilian N. Günther; Nathan Hara; Avet Harutyunyan; Yuya Hayashi; Raphaëlle D. Haywood; Rae Holcomb; Keith Horne; Sergio Hoyer; Chelsea X. Huang; Masahiro Ikoma; Kate G. Isaak; James A. G. Jackman; Jon M. Jenkins; Eric L. N. Jensen; Daniel Jontof-Hutter; Yugo Kawai; Laszlo L. Kiss; Ben S. Lakeland; Jacques Laskar; David W. Latham; Alain Lecavelier des Etangs; Adrien Leleu; Monika Lendl; Jerome de Leon; Florian Lienhard; Mercedes López-Morales; Christophe Lovis; Michael B. Lund; Rafael Luque; Demetrio Magrin; Luca Malavolta; Aldo F. Martínez Fiorenzano; Andrew W. Mayo; Michel Mayor; Christoph Mordasini; Annelies Mortier; Felipe Murgas; Norio Narita; Valerio Nascimbeni; Belinda A. Nicholson; Göran Olofsson; Roland Ottensamer; Isabella Pagano; Larissa Palethorpe; Enric Pallé; Hannu Parviainen; Marco Pedani; Francesco A. Pepe; Gisbert Peter; Matteo Pinamonti; Giampaolo Piotto; Don Pollacco; Ennio Poretti; Didier Queloz; Samuel N. Quinn; Roberto Ragazzoni; Nicola Rando; David Rapetti; Francesco Ratti; Heike Rauer; Federica Rescigno; Ignasi Ribas; Ken Rice; George R. Ricker; Paul Robertson; Thierry de Roche; Laurence Sabin; Nuno C. Santos; Dimitar D. Sasselov; Arjun B. Savel; Gaetano Scandariato; Nicole Schanche; Urs Schroffenegger; Richard P. Schwarz; Sara Seager; Ramotholo Sefako; Damien Ségransan; Avi Shporer; André M. Silva; Alexis M. S. Smith; Alessandro Sozzetti; Manfred Steller; Gyula M. Szabó; Motohide Tamura; Nicolas Thomas; Amy Tuson; Stéphane Udry; Andrew Vanderburg; Roland K. Vanderspek; Julia Venturini; Francesco Verrecchia; Nicholas A. Walton; Christopher A. Watson; Robert D. Wells; Joshua N. Winn; Roberto Zambelli; Carl Ziegler

doi:10.1126/science.adl2348

Gas-depleted planet formation occurred in the four-planet system around the red dwarf LHS 1903

Thomas G. Wilson
, Anna M. Simpson
, Andrew Collier Cameron
, Ryan Cloutier
, Vardan Adibekyan
, Ancy Anna John
, Yann Alibert
, Manu Stalport
, Jo Ann Egger
, Andrea Bonfanti
, Nicolas Billot
, Pascal Guterman
, Pierre F. L. Maxted
, Attila E. Simon
, Sérgio G. Sousa
, Malcolm Fridlund
, Mathias Beck
, Anja Bekkelien
, Sébastien Salmon
, Valérie Van Grootel

Luca Fossati, Alexander James Mustill, Hugh P. Osborn, Tiziano Zingales, Matthew J. Hooton, Laura Affer, Suzanne Aigrain, Roi Alonso, Guillem Anglada, Alexandros Antoniadis-Karnavas, Tamas Bárczy, David Barrado Navascues, Susana C. C. Barros, Wolfgang Baumjohann, Thomas Beck, Willy Benz, Federico Biondi, Xavier Bonfils, Luca Borsato, Alexis Brandeker, Christopher Broeg, Lars A. Buchhave, Maximilian Buder, Juan Cabrera, Sebastian Carrazco Gaxiola, David Charbonneau, Sébastien Charnoz, David R. Ciardi, Karen A. Collins, Kevin I. Collins, Rosario Cosentino, Szilard Csizmadia, Patricio E. Cubillos, Shweta Dalal, Mario Damasso, James R. A. Davenport, Melvyn B. Davies, Magali Deleuil, Laetitia Delrez, Olivier D. S. Demangeon, Brice-Olivier Demory, Victoria DiTomasso, Diana Dragomir, Courtney D. Dressing, Xavier Dumusque, David Ehrenreich, Anders Erikson, Emma Esparza-Borges, Andrea Fortier, Izuru Fukuda, Akihiko Fukui, Davide Gandolfi, Adriano Ghedina, Steven Giacalone, Holden Gill, Michaël Gillon, Yilen Gómez Maqueo Chew, Manuel Güdel, Pere Guerra, Maximilian N. Günther, Nathan Hara, Avet Harutyunyan, Yuya Hayashi, Raphaëlle D. Haywood, Rae Holcomb, Keith Horne, Sergio Hoyer, Chelsea X. Huang, Masahiro Ikoma, Kate G. Isaak, James A. G. Jackman, Jon M. Jenkins, Eric L. N. Jensen, Daniel Jontof-Hutter, Yugo Kawai, Laszlo L. Kiss, Ben S. Lakeland, Jacques Laskar, David W. Latham, Alain Lecavelier des Etangs, Adrien Leleu, Monika Lendl, Jerome de Leon, Florian Lienhard, Mercedes López-Morales, Christophe Lovis, Michael B. Lund, Rafael Luque, Demetrio Magrin, Luca Malavolta, Aldo F. Martínez Fiorenzano, Andrew W. Mayo, Michel Mayor, Christoph Mordasini, Annelies Mortier, Felipe Murgas, Norio Narita, Valerio Nascimbeni, Belinda A. Nicholson, Göran Olofsson, Roland Ottensamer, Isabella Pagano, Larissa Palethorpe, Enric Pallé, Hannu Parviainen, Marco Pedani, Francesco A. Pepe, Gisbert Peter, Matteo Pinamonti, Giampaolo Piotto, Don Pollacco, Ennio Poretti, Didier Queloz, Samuel N. Quinn, Roberto Ragazzoni, Nicola Rando, David Rapetti, Francesco Ratti, Heike Rauer, Federica Rescigno, Ignasi Ribas, Ken Rice, George R. Ricker, Paul Robertson, Thierry de Roche, Laurence Sabin, Nuno C. Santos, Dimitar D. Sasselov, Arjun B. Savel, Gaetano Scandariato, Nicole Schanche, Urs Schroffenegger, Richard P. Schwarz, Sara Seager, Ramotholo Sefako, Damien Ségransan, Avi Shporer, André M. Silva, Alexis M. S. Smith, Alessandro Sozzetti, Manfred Steller, Gyula M. Szabó, Motohide Tamura, Nicolas Thomas, Amy Tuson, Stéphane Udry, Andrew Vanderburg, Roland K. Vanderspek, Julia Venturini, Francesco Verrecchia, Nicholas A. Walton, Christopher A. Watson, Robert D. Wells, Joshua N. Winn, Roberto Zambelli, Carl Ziegler

Research output: Contribution to journal › Journal article › Research › peer-review

Abstract

The radii of small exoplanets form two populations, super-Earths and sub-Neptunes, separated by a gap known as the radius valley. This could be produced by the removal of some atmospheres by stellar or internal heating, or the lack of an initial envelope. We use transit photometry and radial velocity measurements to detect and characterize four exoplanets orbiting LHS 1903, a red dwarf star in the Milky Way’s thick disk. The planets have orbital periods from 2.2 to 29.3 days, and span the radius valley within a single planetary system. The derived densities indicate that LHS 1903 b is rocky, while LHSnbsp;1903nbsp;c and LHSnbsp;1903nbsp;d have extended atmospheres. The most distant planet from the host star, LHSnbsp;1903nbsp;e, has no gaseous envelope, indicating it formed from gas-depleted material.

Original language	English
Journal	Science
ISSN	0036-8075
DOIs	https://doi.org/10.1126/science.adl2348
Publication status	Accepted/In press - 2026

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10.1126/science.adl2348

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Wilson, T. G., Simpson, A. M., Cameron, A. C., Cloutier, R., Adibekyan, V., John, A. A., Alibert, Y., Stalport, M., Egger, J. A., Bonfanti, A., Billot, N., Guterman, P., Maxted, P. F. L., Simon, A. E., Sousa, S. G., Fridlund, M., Beck, M., Bekkelien, A., Salmon, S., ... Ziegler, C. (Accepted/In press). Gas-depleted planet formation occurred in the four-planet system around the red dwarf LHS 1903. Science. https://doi.org/10.1126/science.adl2348

@article{2d18a13e57da4fa3a8e386caf5672a66,

title = "Gas-depleted planet formation occurred in the four-planet system around the red dwarf LHS 1903",

abstract = "The radii of small exoplanets form two populations, super-Earths and sub-Neptunes, separated by a gap known as the radius valley. This could be produced by the removal of some atmospheres by stellar or internal heating, or the lack of an initial envelope. We use transit photometry and radial velocity measurements to detect and characterize four exoplanets orbiting LHS 1903, a red dwarf star in the Milky Way{\textquoteright}s thick disk. The planets have orbital periods from 2.2 to 29.3 days, and span the radius valley within a single planetary system. The derived densities indicate that LHS 1903 b is rocky, while LHSnbsp;1903nbsp;c and LHSnbsp;1903nbsp;d have extended atmospheres. The most distant planet from the host star, LHSnbsp;1903nbsp;e, has no gaseous envelope, indicating it formed from gas-depleted material.",

author = "Wilson, \{Thomas G.\} and Simpson, \{Anna M.\} and Cameron, \{Andrew Collier\} and Ryan Cloutier and Vardan Adibekyan and John, \{Ancy Anna\} and Yann Alibert and Manu Stalport and Egger, \{Jo Ann\} and Andrea Bonfanti and Nicolas Billot and Pascal Guterman and Maxted, \{Pierre F. L.\} and Simon, \{Attila E.\} and Sousa, \{S{\'e}rgio G.\} and Malcolm Fridlund and Mathias Beck and Anja Bekkelien and S{\'e}bastien Salmon and Grootel, \{Val{\'e}rie Van\} and Luca Fossati and Mustill, \{Alexander James\} and Osborn, \{Hugh P.\} and Tiziano Zingales and Hooton, \{Matthew J.\} and Laura Affer and Suzanne Aigrain and Roi Alonso and Guillem Anglada and Alexandros Antoniadis-Karnavas and Tamas B{\'a}rczy and Navascues, \{David Barrado\} and Barros, \{Susana C. C.\} and Wolfgang Baumjohann and Thomas Beck and Willy Benz and Federico Biondi and Xavier Bonfils and Luca Borsato and Alexis Brandeker and Christopher Broeg and Buchhave, \{Lars A.\} and Maximilian Buder and Juan Cabrera and Gaxiola, \{Sebastian Carrazco\} and David Charbonneau and S{\'e}bastien Charnoz and Ciardi, \{David R.\} and Collins, \{Karen A.\} and Collins, \{Kevin I.\} and Rosario Cosentino and Szilard Csizmadia and Cubillos, \{Patricio E.\} and Shweta Dalal and Mario Damasso and Davenport, \{James R. A.\} and Davies, \{Melvyn B.\} and Magali Deleuil and Laetitia Delrez and Demangeon, \{Olivier D. S.\} and Brice-Olivier Demory and Victoria DiTomasso and Diana Dragomir and Dressing, \{Courtney D.\} and Xavier Dumusque and David Ehrenreich and Anders Erikson and Emma Esparza-Borges and Andrea Fortier and Izuru Fukuda and Akihiko Fukui and Davide Gandolfi and Adriano Ghedina and Steven Giacalone and Holden Gill and Micha{\"e}l Gillon and Chew, \{Yilen G{\'o}mez Maqueo\} and Manuel G{\"u}del and Pere Guerra and G{\"u}nther, \{Maximilian N.\} and Nathan Hara and Avet Harutyunyan and Yuya Hayashi and Haywood, \{Rapha{\"e}lle D.\} and Rae Holcomb and Keith Horne and Sergio Hoyer and Huang, \{Chelsea X.\} and Masahiro Ikoma and Isaak, \{Kate G.\} and Jackman, \{James A. G.\} and Jenkins, \{Jon M.\} and Jensen, \{Eric L. N.\} and Daniel Jontof-Hutter and Yugo Kawai and Kiss, \{Laszlo L.\} and Lakeland, \{Ben S.\} and Jacques Laskar and Latham, \{David W.\} and Etangs, \{Alain Lecavelier des\} and Adrien Leleu and Monika Lendl and Leon, \{Jerome de\} and Florian Lienhard and Mercedes L{\'o}pez-Morales and Christophe Lovis and Lund, \{Michael B.\} and Rafael Luque and Demetrio Magrin and Luca Malavolta and Fiorenzano, \{Aldo F. Mart{\'i}nez\} and Mayo, \{Andrew W.\} and Michel Mayor and Christoph Mordasini and Annelies Mortier and Felipe Murgas and Norio Narita and Valerio Nascimbeni and Nicholson, \{Belinda A.\} and G{\"o}ran Olofsson and Roland Ottensamer and Isabella Pagano and Larissa Palethorpe and Enric Pall{\'e} and Hannu Parviainen and Marco Pedani and Pepe, \{Francesco A.\} and Gisbert Peter and Matteo Pinamonti and Giampaolo Piotto and Don Pollacco and Ennio Poretti and Didier Queloz and Quinn, \{Samuel N.\} and Roberto Ragazzoni and Nicola Rando and David Rapetti and Francesco Ratti and Heike Rauer and Federica Rescigno and Ignasi Ribas and Ken Rice and Ricker, \{George R.\} and Paul Robertson and Roche, \{Thierry de\} and Laurence Sabin and Santos, \{Nuno C.\} and Sasselov, \{Dimitar D.\} and Savel, \{Arjun B.\} and Gaetano Scandariato and Nicole Schanche and Urs Schroffenegger and Schwarz, \{Richard P.\} and Sara Seager and Ramotholo Sefako and Damien S{\'e}gransan and Avi Shporer and Silva, \{Andr{\'e} M.\} and Smith, \{Alexis M. S.\} and Alessandro Sozzetti and Manfred Steller and Szab{\'o}, \{Gyula M.\} and Motohide Tamura and Nicolas Thomas and Amy Tuson and St{\'e}phane Udry and Andrew Vanderburg and Vanderspek, \{Roland K.\} and Julia Venturini and Francesco Verrecchia and Walton, \{Nicholas A.\} and Watson, \{Christopher A.\} and Wells, \{Robert D.\} and Winn, \{Joshua N.\} and Roberto Zambelli and Carl Ziegler",

year = "2026",

doi = "10.1126/science.adl2348",

language = "English",

journal = "Science",

issn = "0036-8075",

publisher = "American Association for the Advancement of Science",

}

Wilson, TG, Simpson, AM, Cameron, AC, Cloutier, R, Adibekyan, V, John, AA, Alibert, Y, Stalport, M, Egger, JA, Bonfanti, A, Billot, N, Guterman, P, Maxted, PFL, Simon, AE, Sousa, SG, Fridlund, M, Beck, M, Bekkelien, A, Salmon, S, Grootel, VV, Fossati, L, Mustill, AJ, Osborn, HP, Zingales, T, Hooton, MJ, Affer, L, Aigrain, S, Alonso, R, Anglada, G, Antoniadis-Karnavas, A, Bárczy, T, Navascues, DB, Barros, SCC, Baumjohann, W, Beck, T, Benz, W, Biondi, F, Bonfils, X, Borsato, L, Brandeker, A, Broeg, C, Buchhave, LA, Buder, M, Cabrera, J, Gaxiola, SC, Charbonneau, D, Charnoz, S, Ciardi, DR, Collins, KA, Collins, KI, Cosentino, R, Csizmadia, S, Cubillos, PE, Dalal, S, Damasso, M, Davenport, JRA, Davies, MB, Deleuil, M, Delrez, L, Demangeon, ODS, Demory, B-O, DiTomasso, V, Dragomir, D, Dressing, CD, Dumusque, X, Ehrenreich, D, Erikson, A, Esparza-Borges, E, Fortier, A, Fukuda, I, Fukui, A, Gandolfi, D, Ghedina, A, Giacalone, S, Gill, H, Gillon, M, Chew, YGM, Güdel, M, Guerra, P, Günther, MN, Hara, N, Harutyunyan, A, Hayashi, Y, Haywood, RD, Holcomb, R, Horne, K, Hoyer, S, Huang, CX, Ikoma, M, Isaak, KG, Jackman, JAG, Jenkins, JM, Jensen, ELN, Jontof-Hutter, D, Kawai, Y, Kiss, LL, Lakeland, BS, Laskar, J, Latham, DW, Etangs, ALD, Leleu, A, Lendl, M, Leon, JD, Lienhard, F, López-Morales, M, Lovis, C, Lund, MB, Luque, R, Magrin, D, Malavolta, L, Fiorenzano, AFM, Mayo, AW, Mayor, M, Mordasini, C, Mortier, A, Murgas, F, Narita, N, Nascimbeni, V, Nicholson, BA, Olofsson, G, Ottensamer, R, Pagano, I, Palethorpe, L, Pallé, E, Parviainen, H, Pedani, M, Pepe, FA, Peter, G, Pinamonti, M, Piotto, G, Pollacco, D, Poretti, E, Queloz, D, Quinn, SN, Ragazzoni, R, Rando, N, Rapetti, D, Ratti, F, Rauer, H, Rescigno, F, Ribas, I, Rice, K, Ricker, GR, Robertson, P, Roche, TD, Sabin, L, Santos, NC, Sasselov, DD, Savel, AB, Scandariato, G, Schanche, N, Schroffenegger, U, Schwarz, RP, Seager, S, Sefako, R, Ségransan, D, Shporer, A, Silva, AM, Smith, AMS, Sozzetti, A, Steller, M, Szabó, GM, Tamura, M, Thomas, N, Tuson, A, Udry, S, Vanderburg, A, Vanderspek, RK, Venturini, J, Verrecchia, F, Walton, NA, Watson, CA, Wells, RD, Winn, JN, Zambelli, R & Ziegler, C 2026, 'Gas-depleted planet formation occurred in the four-planet system around the red dwarf LHS 1903', Science. https://doi.org/10.1126/science.adl2348

TY - JOUR

T1 - Gas-depleted planet formation occurred in the four-planet system around the red dwarf LHS 1903

AU - Wilson, Thomas G.

AU - Simpson, Anna M.

AU - Cameron, Andrew Collier

AU - Cloutier, Ryan

AU - Adibekyan, Vardan

AU - John, Ancy Anna

AU - Alibert, Yann

AU - Stalport, Manu

AU - Egger, Jo Ann

AU - Bonfanti, Andrea

AU - Billot, Nicolas

AU - Guterman, Pascal

AU - Maxted, Pierre F. L.

AU - Simon, Attila E.

AU - Sousa, Sérgio G.

AU - Fridlund, Malcolm

AU - Beck, Mathias

AU - Bekkelien, Anja

AU - Salmon, Sébastien

AU - Grootel, Valérie Van

AU - Fossati, Luca

AU - Mustill, Alexander James

AU - Osborn, Hugh P.

AU - Zingales, Tiziano

AU - Hooton, Matthew J.

AU - Affer, Laura

AU - Aigrain, Suzanne

AU - Alonso, Roi

AU - Anglada, Guillem

AU - Antoniadis-Karnavas, Alexandros

AU - Bárczy, Tamas

AU - Navascues, David Barrado

AU - Barros, Susana C. C.

AU - Baumjohann, Wolfgang

AU - Beck, Thomas

AU - Benz, Willy

AU - Biondi, Federico

AU - Bonfils, Xavier

AU - Borsato, Luca

AU - Brandeker, Alexis

AU - Broeg, Christopher

AU - Buchhave, Lars A.

AU - Buder, Maximilian

AU - Cabrera, Juan

AU - Gaxiola, Sebastian Carrazco

AU - Charbonneau, David

AU - Charnoz, Sébastien

AU - Ciardi, David R.

AU - Collins, Karen A.

AU - Collins, Kevin I.

AU - Cosentino, Rosario

AU - Csizmadia, Szilard

AU - Cubillos, Patricio E.

AU - Dalal, Shweta

AU - Damasso, Mario

AU - Davenport, James R. A.

AU - Davies, Melvyn B.

AU - Deleuil, Magali

AU - Delrez, Laetitia

AU - Demangeon, Olivier D. S.

AU - Demory, Brice-Olivier

AU - DiTomasso, Victoria

AU - Dragomir, Diana

AU - Dressing, Courtney D.

AU - Dumusque, Xavier

AU - Ehrenreich, David

AU - Erikson, Anders

AU - Esparza-Borges, Emma

AU - Fortier, Andrea

AU - Fukuda, Izuru

AU - Fukui, Akihiko

AU - Gandolfi, Davide

AU - Ghedina, Adriano

AU - Giacalone, Steven

AU - Gill, Holden

AU - Gillon, Michaël

AU - Chew, Yilen Gómez Maqueo

AU - Güdel, Manuel

AU - Guerra, Pere

AU - Günther, Maximilian N.

AU - Hara, Nathan

AU - Harutyunyan, Avet

AU - Hayashi, Yuya

AU - Haywood, Raphaëlle D.

AU - Holcomb, Rae

AU - Horne, Keith

AU - Hoyer, Sergio

AU - Huang, Chelsea X.

AU - Ikoma, Masahiro

AU - Isaak, Kate G.

AU - Jackman, James A. G.

AU - Jenkins, Jon M.

AU - Jensen, Eric L. N.

AU - Jontof-Hutter, Daniel

AU - Kawai, Yugo

AU - Kiss, Laszlo L.

AU - Lakeland, Ben S.

AU - Laskar, Jacques

AU - Latham, David W.

AU - Etangs, Alain Lecavelier des

AU - Leleu, Adrien

AU - Lendl, Monika

AU - Leon, Jerome de

AU - Lienhard, Florian

AU - López-Morales, Mercedes

AU - Lovis, Christophe

AU - Lund, Michael B.

AU - Luque, Rafael

AU - Magrin, Demetrio

AU - Malavolta, Luca

AU - Fiorenzano, Aldo F. Martínez

AU - Mayo, Andrew W.

AU - Mayor, Michel

AU - Mordasini, Christoph

AU - Mortier, Annelies

AU - Murgas, Felipe

AU - Narita, Norio

AU - Nascimbeni, Valerio

AU - Nicholson, Belinda A.

AU - Olofsson, Göran

AU - Ottensamer, Roland

AU - Pagano, Isabella

AU - Palethorpe, Larissa

AU - Pallé, Enric

AU - Parviainen, Hannu

AU - Pedani, Marco

AU - Pepe, Francesco A.

AU - Peter, Gisbert

AU - Pinamonti, Matteo

AU - Piotto, Giampaolo

AU - Pollacco, Don

AU - Poretti, Ennio

AU - Queloz, Didier

AU - Quinn, Samuel N.

AU - Ragazzoni, Roberto

AU - Rando, Nicola

AU - Rapetti, David

AU - Ratti, Francesco

AU - Rauer, Heike

AU - Rescigno, Federica

AU - Ribas, Ignasi

AU - Rice, Ken

AU - Ricker, George R.

AU - Robertson, Paul

AU - Roche, Thierry de

AU - Sabin, Laurence

AU - Santos, Nuno C.

AU - Sasselov, Dimitar D.

AU - Savel, Arjun B.

AU - Scandariato, Gaetano

AU - Schanche, Nicole

AU - Schroffenegger, Urs

AU - Schwarz, Richard P.

AU - Seager, Sara

AU - Sefako, Ramotholo

AU - Ségransan, Damien

AU - Shporer, Avi

AU - Silva, André M.

AU - Smith, Alexis M. S.

AU - Sozzetti, Alessandro

AU - Steller, Manfred

AU - Szabó, Gyula M.

AU - Tamura, Motohide

AU - Thomas, Nicolas

AU - Tuson, Amy

AU - Udry, Stéphane

AU - Vanderburg, Andrew

AU - Vanderspek, Roland K.

AU - Venturini, Julia

AU - Verrecchia, Francesco

AU - Walton, Nicholas A.

AU - Watson, Christopher A.

AU - Wells, Robert D.

AU - Winn, Joshua N.

AU - Zambelli, Roberto

AU - Ziegler, Carl

PY - 2026

Y1 - 2026

N2 - The radii of small exoplanets form two populations, super-Earths and sub-Neptunes, separated by a gap known as the radius valley. This could be produced by the removal of some atmospheres by stellar or internal heating, or the lack of an initial envelope. We use transit photometry and radial velocity measurements to detect and characterize four exoplanets orbiting LHS 1903, a red dwarf star in the Milky Way’s thick disk. The planets have orbital periods from 2.2 to 29.3 days, and span the radius valley within a single planetary system. The derived densities indicate that LHS 1903 b is rocky, while LHSnbsp;1903nbsp;c and LHSnbsp;1903nbsp;d have extended atmospheres. The most distant planet from the host star, LHSnbsp;1903nbsp;e, has no gaseous envelope, indicating it formed from gas-depleted material.

AB - The radii of small exoplanets form two populations, super-Earths and sub-Neptunes, separated by a gap known as the radius valley. This could be produced by the removal of some atmospheres by stellar or internal heating, or the lack of an initial envelope. We use transit photometry and radial velocity measurements to detect and characterize four exoplanets orbiting LHS 1903, a red dwarf star in the Milky Way’s thick disk. The planets have orbital periods from 2.2 to 29.3 days, and span the radius valley within a single planetary system. The derived densities indicate that LHS 1903 b is rocky, while LHSnbsp;1903nbsp;c and LHSnbsp;1903nbsp;d have extended atmospheres. The most distant planet from the host star, LHSnbsp;1903nbsp;e, has no gaseous envelope, indicating it formed from gas-depleted material.

U2 - 10.1126/science.adl2348

DO - 10.1126/science.adl2348

M3 - Journal article

C2 - 41678587

SN - 0036-8075

JO - Science

JF - Science

ER -

Gas-depleted planet formation occurred in the four-planet system around the red dwarf LHS 1903

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