TY - JOUR
T1 - Functional Specifications and Testing Requirements of Grid-Forming Offshore Wind Power Plants
AU - Ghimire, Sulav
AU - Guerreiro, Gabriel Miguel Gomes
AU - Vatta Kkuni, Kanakesh
AU - Guest, Emerson David
AU - Jensen, Kim Høj
AU - Yang, Guangya
AU - Wang, X.
PY - 2025
Y1 - 2025
N2 - Throughout the past few years, various transmission system operators (TSOs) and research institutes have defined several functional specifications for grid-forming (GFM) converters via grid codes, white papers, and technical documents. These institutes and organisations also proposed testing requirements for general inverter-based resources (IBRs) and specific GFM converters. This paper initially reviews functional specifications and testing requirements from several sources to create an understanding of GFM capabilities in general. Furthermore, it proposes an outlook of the defined GFM capabilities, functional specifications, and testing requirements for offshore wind power plant (OF WPP) applications from an original equipment manufacturer (OEM) perspective. Finally, this paper briefly establishes the relevance of new testing methodologies for equipment-level certification and model validation, focusing on GFM functional specifications.
AB - Throughout the past few years, various transmission system operators (TSOs) and research institutes have defined several functional specifications for grid-forming (GFM) converters via grid codes, white papers, and technical documents. These institutes and organisations also proposed testing requirements for general inverter-based resources (IBRs) and specific GFM converters. This paper initially reviews functional specifications and testing requirements from several sources to create an understanding of GFM capabilities in general. Furthermore, it proposes an outlook of the defined GFM capabilities, functional specifications, and testing requirements for offshore wind power plant (OF WPP) applications from an original equipment manufacturer (OEM) perspective. Finally, this paper briefly establishes the relevance of new testing methodologies for equipment-level certification and model validation, focusing on GFM functional specifications.
U2 - 10.5194/wes-10-1-2025
DO - 10.5194/wes-10-1-2025
M3 - Journal article
SN - 2366-7443
VL - 10
SP - 1
EP - 15
JO - Wind Energy Science
JF - Wind Energy Science
ER -