From the idea to construction: Aspects of relevance of the optimized physical design of renewable hybrid power plants

Renewable-based hybrid power plants (HPPs) combine different renewable technologies co-located and connected to a single grid connection point, offering better use of land and infrastructure. However, the integration of multiple technologies introduces new design challenges due to their physical interactions and organizational complexity. This paper is a critical literature review and original analysis of how the physical design of HPPs differs from single-technology facilities, with a particular focus on spatial layout optimization, electrical design, and macrositing of wind–PV hybrids. Using a Design Structure Matrix (DSM), a method for mapping interdependencies among system elements, we assess the physical interactions and their impact on system performance (such as the obvious shading of PV modules by wind turbines, and less obvious ones like increased risk of electrical surges). Additionally, we apply Actor-Network Theory (ANT), a socio-technical framework, to explore the social and organizational dynamics that influence design decisions in HPP development. Supported by outcomes of the interviews with industry practitioners, we outline value-driven design approaches that anticipate physical interactions, prioritize long-term performance, and leverage shared infrastructure, particularly when integrating adding PVs to wind farms. By connecting technical and socio-organizational perspectives, this work lays the ground for future holistic and interdisciplinary optimized HPP designs.