Frequency Stability Improvement using Rate of Change of Frequency Signals in the Primary Control

Ashraf Khalil

doi:10.1109/GPECOM65896.2025.11061893

Frequency Stability Improvement using Rate of Change of Frequency Signals in the Primary Control

Ashraf Khalil

Research output: Chapter in Book/Report/Conference proceeding › Article in proceedings › Research › peer-review

Abstract

The increased share of renewable energy results in reduced inertia in power systems. Furthermore, the fast variations in renewable sources, such as solar and wind, create an imbalance between generation and demand, which could result in frequency stability problems. Low inertia could result in a high rate of change of frequency. Sharing the rate of change of frequency signals using a wide area measurement system could enhance the primary frequency control; however, time delay will be induced in the signals, leading to power system instability. This paper introduces a delay-dependent stability analysis of a modified primary control system with a delayed rate of change of frequency signals. The impact of the delay on stability has been investigated, and it has been found that low inertia requires low latency in the wide-area measurement system.

Original language	English
Title of host publication	Proceedings of 2025 7th Global Power, Energy and Communication Conference (GPECOM)
Publisher	IEEE
Publication date	2025
Pages	525-530
ISBN (Electronic)	979-8-3315-1323-8
DOIs	https://doi.org/10.1109/GPECOM65896.2025.11061893
Publication status	Published - 2025
Event	7th Global Power, Energy, and Communication Conference - Bochum, Germany Duration: 11 Jun 2025 → 13 Jun 2025

Conference

Conference	7th Global Power, Energy, and Communication Conference
Country/Territory	Germany
City	Bochum
Period	11/06/2025 → 13/06/2025

Series	Global Power, Energy and Communication Conference (gpecom)
ISSN	2832-7675

UN SDGs

This output contributes to the following UN Sustainable Development Goals (SDGs)

SDG 7 Affordable and Clean Energy

Keywords

<load frequency control
Low inertia
PMU
RoCoF
Time delay
Wide area measurement system

Access to Document

10.1109/GPECOM65896.2025.11061893

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Check availability in DTU Findit

Cite this

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title = "Frequency Stability Improvement using Rate of Change of Frequency Signals in the Primary Control",

abstract = "The increased share of renewable energy results in reduced inertia in power systems. Furthermore, the fast variations in renewable sources, such as solar and wind, create an imbalance between generation and demand, which could result in frequency stability problems. Low inertia could result in a high rate of change of frequency. Sharing the rate of change of frequency signals using a wide area measurement system could enhance the primary frequency control; however, time delay will be induced in the signals, leading to power system instability. This paper introduces a delay-dependent stability analysis of a modified primary control system with a delayed rate of change of frequency signals. The impact of the delay on stability has been investigated, and it has been found that low inertia requires low latency in the wide-area measurement system.",

keywords = "<load frequency control, Low inertia, PMU, RoCoF, Time delay, Wide area measurement system",

author = "Ashraf Khalil",

year = "2025",

doi = "10.1109/GPECOM65896.2025.11061893",

language = "English",

series = "Global Power, Energy and Communication Conference (gpecom)",

publisher = "IEEE",

pages = "525--530",

booktitle = "Proceedings of 2025 7th Global Power, Energy and Communication Conference (GPECOM)",

address = "United States",

note = "7th Global Power, Energy, and Communication Conference, GPECOM 2025 ; Conference date: 11-06-2025 Through 13-06-2025",

}

Khalil, A 2025, Frequency Stability Improvement using Rate of Change of Frequency Signals in the Primary Control. in Proceedings of 2025 7th Global Power, Energy and Communication Conference (GPECOM). IEEE, Global Power, Energy and Communication Conference (gpecom), pp. 525-530, 7th Global Power, Energy, and Communication Conference, Bochum, Germany, 11/06/2025. https://doi.org/10.1109/GPECOM65896.2025.11061893

Frequency Stability Improvement using Rate of Change of Frequency Signals in the Primary Control. / Khalil, Ashraf.
Proceedings of 2025 7th Global Power, Energy and Communication Conference (GPECOM). IEEE, 2025. p. 525-530 (Global Power, Energy and Communication Conference (gpecom)).

Research output: Chapter in Book/Report/Conference proceeding › Article in proceedings › Research › peer-review

TY - GEN

T1 - Frequency Stability Improvement using Rate of Change of Frequency Signals in the Primary Control

AU - Khalil, Ashraf

PY - 2025

Y1 - 2025

N2 - The increased share of renewable energy results in reduced inertia in power systems. Furthermore, the fast variations in renewable sources, such as solar and wind, create an imbalance between generation and demand, which could result in frequency stability problems. Low inertia could result in a high rate of change of frequency. Sharing the rate of change of frequency signals using a wide area measurement system could enhance the primary frequency control; however, time delay will be induced in the signals, leading to power system instability. This paper introduces a delay-dependent stability analysis of a modified primary control system with a delayed rate of change of frequency signals. The impact of the delay on stability has been investigated, and it has been found that low inertia requires low latency in the wide-area measurement system.

AB - The increased share of renewable energy results in reduced inertia in power systems. Furthermore, the fast variations in renewable sources, such as solar and wind, create an imbalance between generation and demand, which could result in frequency stability problems. Low inertia could result in a high rate of change of frequency. Sharing the rate of change of frequency signals using a wide area measurement system could enhance the primary frequency control; however, time delay will be induced in the signals, leading to power system instability. This paper introduces a delay-dependent stability analysis of a modified primary control system with a delayed rate of change of frequency signals. The impact of the delay on stability has been investigated, and it has been found that low inertia requires low latency in the wide-area measurement system.

KW - <load frequency control

KW - Low inertia

KW - PMU

KW - RoCoF

KW - Time delay

KW - Wide area measurement system

U2 - 10.1109/GPECOM65896.2025.11061893

DO - 10.1109/GPECOM65896.2025.11061893

M3 - Article in proceedings

T3 - Global Power, Energy and Communication Conference (gpecom)

SP - 525

EP - 530

BT - Proceedings of 2025 7th Global Power, Energy and Communication Conference (GPECOM)

PB - IEEE

T2 - 7th Global Power, Energy, and Communication Conference

Y2 - 11 June 2025 through 13 June 2025

ER -

Frequency Stability Improvement using Rate of Change of Frequency Signals in the Primary Control

Abstract

Conference

UN SDGs

Keywords

Access to Document

OpenUrl availability

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Cite this