Failures and Defects in the Building Process: Applying the Bow-Tie Approach

Function failures, defects, mistakes and poor communication are major problems for the construction sector. As the empirical element in the research, a large construction site was observed from the very start to the very end and all failures and defects of a certain size were recorded and analysed. The methodological approach used in this analysis was the bow-tie model from the area of safety research. It combines critical-event analysis for both causes and effects with event-tree analysis. Analysing the many critical events in the building process with the bow-tie model visualises the complexity of causes. This visualisation offers the possibility for a much more direct and focused discussion of what needs doing, by whom and when – not only to avoid the number of defects in the final product, but also to make the building process flow much better and reduce the need for damage control.