Experiments applied to Electrolyzer System Powered by Renewable Energy Sources: A Literature Review

Electrolyzers driven by renewable energy power become important in the green energy transition. This work gives an overview of experimental investigations examining the performance, efficiency, and operating challenges of electrolyzers driven by fluctuating renewable energy inputs from solar and wind sources. Transient response evaluation and performance characterization of the system under dynamic power input are critically analyzed. The impact of operating conditions and system integration on hydrogen production and energy conversion efficiency is discussed. By summarizing the findings from recent experimental studies, this work also provides valuable insights into research gaps and future directions in optimizing electrolyzer performance for large-scale renewable hydrogen applications. To improve operation stability, hybrid storage solutions such as battery and thermal storage should be included and tested. Comparative analysis of different electrolyzers for cost-effective deployment at both industrial and residential level should be conducted and their durability and degradation under long-term operation should be monitored. Using smart power management and advanced control mechanisms like forecasting in electrolyzers under real-world conditions need to further be examined.