Experimental comparison and visualization of in-tube continuous and pulsating flow boiling

This experimental study investigated the application of fluid flow pulsations for in-tube flow boiling heat transfer enhancement in an 8 mm smooth round tube made of copper. The fluid flow pulsations were introduced by a flow modulating expansion device and were compared with continuous flow generated by a stepper-motor expansion valve in terms of the time-averaged heat transfer coefficient. The cycle time ranged from 1 s to 7 s for the pulsations, the time-averaged refrigerant mass flux ranged from 50 kg m⁻² s⁻¹ to 194 kg m⁻² s⁻¹ and the time-averaged heat flux ranged from 1.1 kW m−2 to 30.6 kW m⁻². The time-averaged heat transfer coefficients were reduced from transient measurements immediately downstream of the expansion valves with 2 K and 20 K subcooling upstream, resulting in inlet vapor qualities at 0.05 and 0.18, respectively, and covered the saturated flow boiling range up to the dry-out inception. Averaged results of the considered range of vapor qualities, refrigerant mass flux and heat flux showed that the pulsations at low cycle time (1 s) improved the time-averaged heat transfer coefficients by 5.6% and 2.2% for the low and high subcooling, respectively. However, the pulsations at high cycle time (7 s) reduced the time-averaged heat transfer coefficients by 1.8% and 2.3% for the low and high subcooling, respectively, due to significant dry-out when the flow-modulating expansion valve was closed. Furthermore, the flow pulsations were visualized by high-speed camera to assist in understanding the time-periodic flow regimes and the effect they had on the heat transfer performance.