TY - JOUR
T1 - Evaluation of the health risks related to the presence of cyanogenic glycosides in foods other than raw apricot kernels
AU - EFSA Panel on Contaminants in the Food Chain (CONTAM)
AU - Schrenk, Dieter
AU - Bignami, Margherita
AU - Bodin, Laurent
AU - Chipman, James Kevin
AU - del Mazo, Jesús
AU - Grasl-Kraupp, Bettina
AU - Hogstrand, Christer
AU - Hoogenboom, Laurentius (Ron)
AU - Leblanc, Jean Charles
AU - Nebbia, Carlo Stefano
AU - Nielsen, Elsa
AU - Ntzani, Evangelia
AU - Petersen, Annette
AU - Sand, Salomon
AU - Vleminckx, Christiane
AU - Wallace, Heather
AU - Benford, Diane
AU - Brimer, Leon
AU - Mancini, Francesca Romana
AU - Metzler, Manfred
AU - Viviani, Barbara
AU - Altieri, Andrea
AU - Arcella, Davide
AU - Steinkellner, Hans
AU - Schwerdtle, Tanja
PY - 2019
Y1 - 2019
N2 - In 2016, the EFSA Panel on Contaminants in the Food Chain (CONTAM) published a scientific opinion on the acute health risks related to the presence of cyanogenic glycosides (CNGs) in raw apricot kernels in which an acute reference dose (ARfD) of 20 μg/kg body weight (bw) was established for cyanide (CN). In the present opinion, the CONTAM Panel concluded that this ARfD is applicable for acute effects of CN regardless the dietary source. To account for differences in cyanide bioavailability after ingestion of certain food items, specific factors were used. Estimated mean acute dietary exposures to cyanide from foods containing CNGs did not exceed the ARfD in any age group. At the 95th percentile, the ARfD was exceeded up to about 2.5-fold in some surveys for children and adolescent age groups. The main contributors to exposures were biscuits, juice or nectar and pastries and cakes that could potentially contain CNGs. Taking into account the conservatism in the exposure assessment and in derivation of the ARfD, it is unlikely that this estimated exceedance would result in adverse effects. The limited data from animal and human studies do not allow the derivation of a chronic health-based guidance value (HBGV) for cyanide, and thus, chronic risks could not be assessed.
AB - In 2016, the EFSA Panel on Contaminants in the Food Chain (CONTAM) published a scientific opinion on the acute health risks related to the presence of cyanogenic glycosides (CNGs) in raw apricot kernels in which an acute reference dose (ARfD) of 20 μg/kg body weight (bw) was established for cyanide (CN). In the present opinion, the CONTAM Panel concluded that this ARfD is applicable for acute effects of CN regardless the dietary source. To account for differences in cyanide bioavailability after ingestion of certain food items, specific factors were used. Estimated mean acute dietary exposures to cyanide from foods containing CNGs did not exceed the ARfD in any age group. At the 95th percentile, the ARfD was exceeded up to about 2.5-fold in some surveys for children and adolescent age groups. The main contributors to exposures were biscuits, juice or nectar and pastries and cakes that could potentially contain CNGs. Taking into account the conservatism in the exposure assessment and in derivation of the ARfD, it is unlikely that this estimated exceedance would result in adverse effects. The limited data from animal and human studies do not allow the derivation of a chronic health-based guidance value (HBGV) for cyanide, and thus, chronic risks could not be assessed.
KW - cyanide
KW - cyanogenic glycosides
KW - health-based guidance values
KW - risk assessment
U2 - 10.2903/j.efsa.2019.5662
DO - 10.2903/j.efsa.2019.5662
M3 - Journal article
C2 - 32626287
AN - SCOPUS:85065029166
SN - 1831-4732
VL - 17
JO - EFSA Journal
JF - EFSA Journal
IS - 4
M1 - e05662
ER -
