Evaluating six soft approaches

The paper introduces and evaluates six soft approaches used in strategy
development and planning. We take a planner’s perspective on discussing the
concepts of strategy development and planning. This means that we see strategy
development and planning as learning processes based on Ackoff’s interactive
planning principles to be supported by soft approaches in carrying out the
principles in action. These six soft approaches are suitable for supporting various
steps of the strategy development and planning process. These are the SWOT
analysis, the Future Workshop, the Scenario methodology, Strategic Option
Development and Analysis, Strategic Choice Approach and Soft Systems
Methodology. Evaluations of each methodology are carried out using a
conceptual framework in which the organisation, the result, the process and the
technology of the specific approach are taken into consideration. Using such a
conceptual framework for evaluations of soft approaches increases the
understanding of them, their transparency, and their usability in practice.