TY - JOUR
T1 - Estimation of caffeine intake from analysis of caffeine metabolites in wastewater
AU - Gracia-Lor, Emma
AU - Rousis, Nikolaos I.
AU - Zuccato, Ettore
AU - Bade, Richard
AU - Baz-Lomba, Jose Antonio
AU - Castrignanò, Erika
AU - Causanilles Llanes, Ana
AU - Hernández, Félix
AU - Kasprzyk-Hordern, Barbara
AU - Kinyua, Juliet
AU - McCall, Ann-Kathrin
AU - van Nuijs, Alexander L. N.
AU - Plósz, Benedek G.
AU - Ramin, Pedram
AU - Ryu, Yeonsuk
AU - Santos, Miguel M.
AU - Thomas, Kevin V.
AU - de Voogt, Pim
AU - Yang, Zhugen
AU - Castiglioni, Sara
PY - 2017/12/31
Y1 - 2017/12/31
N2 - Caffeine metabolites in wastewater were investigated as potential biomarkers for assessing caffeine intake in a population. The main human urinary metabolites of caffeine were measured in the urban wastewater of ten European cities and the metabolic profiles in wastewater were compared with the human urinary excretion profile. A good match was found for 1,7-dimethyluric acid, an exclusive caffeine metabolite, suggesting that might be a suitable biomarker in wastewater for assessing population-level caffeine consumption. A correction factor was developed considering the percentage of excretion of this metabolite in humans, according to published pharmacokinetic studies. Daily caffeine intake estimated from wastewater analysis was compared with the average daily intake calculated from the average amount of coffee consumed by country per capita. Good agreement was found in some cities but further information is needed to standardize this approach. Wastewater analysis proved useful to providing additional local information on caffeine use.
AB - Caffeine metabolites in wastewater were investigated as potential biomarkers for assessing caffeine intake in a population. The main human urinary metabolites of caffeine were measured in the urban wastewater of ten European cities and the metabolic profiles in wastewater were compared with the human urinary excretion profile. A good match was found for 1,7-dimethyluric acid, an exclusive caffeine metabolite, suggesting that might be a suitable biomarker in wastewater for assessing population-level caffeine consumption. A correction factor was developed considering the percentage of excretion of this metabolite in humans, according to published pharmacokinetic studies. Daily caffeine intake estimated from wastewater analysis was compared with the average daily intake calculated from the average amount of coffee consumed by country per capita. Good agreement was found in some cities but further information is needed to standardize this approach. Wastewater analysis proved useful to providing additional local information on caffeine use.
KW - 1,7-dimethyluric acid
KW - Back-calculation
KW - Caffeine
KW - Correction factor
KW - Urinary biomarkers
KW - Wastewater-based epidemiology
U2 - 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2017.07.258
DO - 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2017.07.258
M3 - Journal article
C2 - 28810510
AN - SCOPUS:85026854293
SN - 0048-9697
VL - 609
SP - 1582
EP - 1588
JO - Science of the Total Environment
JF - Science of the Total Environment
ER -