Essential Bacillus subtilis genes

K. Kobayashi; S.D. Ehrlich; A. Albertini; G. Amati; K.K. Andersen; M. Arnaud; K. Asai; S. Ashikaga; S. Aymerich; P. Bessieres; F. Boland; S.C. Brignell; S. Bron; K. Bunai; J. Chapuis; L.C. Christiansen; A. Danchin; M. Debarbouille; E. Dervyn; E. Deuerling; K. Devine; S.K. Devine; O. Dreesen; J. Errington; S. Fillinger; S.J. Foster; Y. Fujita; A. Galizzi; R. Gardan; C. Eschevins; T. Fukushima; K. Haga; C.R. Harwood; M. Hecker; D. Hosoya; M.F. Hullo; H. Kakeshita; D. Karamata; Y. Kasahara; F. Kawamura; K. Koga; P. Koski; R. Kuwana; D. Imamura; M. Ishimaru; S. Ishikawa; I. Ishio; D. Le Coq; A. Masson; C. Mauel; R. Meima; R.P. Mellado; A. Moir; S. Moriya; E. Nagakawa; H. Nanamiya; S. Nakai; P. Nygaard; M. Ogura; T. Ohanan; M. O'Reilly; M. O'Rourke; Z. Pragai; H.M. Pooley; G. Rapoport; J.P. Rawlins; L.A. Rivas; C. Rivolta; A. Sadaie; Y. Sadaie; M. Sarvas; T. Sato; Hans Henrik Saxild; E. Scanlan; W. Schumann; J.F.M.L. Seegers; J. Sekiguchi; A. Sekowska; S.J. Seror; M. Simon; P. Stragier; R. Studer; H. Takamatsu; T. Tanaka; M. Takeuchi; H.B. Thomaides; V. Vagner; J.M. van Dijl; K. Watabe; A. Wipat; H. Yamamoto; M. Yamamoto; Y. Yamamoto; K. Yamane; K. Yata; K. Yoshida; H. Yoshikawa; U. Zuber; N. Ogasawara

doi:10.1073/pnas.0730515100

Essential Bacillus subtilis genes

K. Kobayashi, S.D. Ehrlich, A. Albertini, G. Amati, K.K. Andersen, M. Arnaud, K. Asai, S. Ashikaga, S. Aymerich, P. Bessieres, F. Boland, S.C. Brignell, S. Bron, K. Bunai, J. Chapuis, L.C. Christiansen, A. Danchin, M. Debarbouille, E. Dervyn, E. DeuerlingK. Devine, S.K. Devine, O. Dreesen, J. Errington, S. Fillinger, S.J. Foster, Y. Fujita, A. Galizzi, R. Gardan, C. Eschevins, T. Fukushima, K. Haga, C.R. Harwood, M. Hecker, D. Hosoya, M.F. Hullo, H. Kakeshita, D. Karamata, Y. Kasahara, F. Kawamura, K. Koga, P. Koski, R. Kuwana, D. Imamura, M. Ishimaru, S. Ishikawa, I. Ishio, D. Le Coq, A. Masson, C. Mauel, R. Meima, R.P. Mellado, A. Moir, S. Moriya, E. Nagakawa, H. Nanamiya, S. Nakai, P. Nygaard, M. Ogura, T. Ohanan, M. O'Reilly, M. O'Rourke, Z. Pragai, H.M. Pooley, G. Rapoport, J.P. Rawlins, L.A. Rivas, C. Rivolta, A. Sadaie, Y. Sadaie, M. Sarvas, T. Sato, Hans Henrik Saxild, E. Scanlan, W. Schumann, J.F.M.L. Seegers, J. Sekiguchi, A. Sekowska, S.J. Seror, M. Simon, P. Stragier, R. Studer, H. Takamatsu, T. Tanaka, M. Takeuchi, H.B. Thomaides, V. Vagner, J.M. van Dijl, K. Watabe, A. Wipat, H. Yamamoto, M. Yamamoto, Y. Yamamoto, K. Yamane, K. Yata, K. Yoshida, H. Yoshikawa, U. Zuber, N. Ogasawara

Research output: Contribution to journal › Journal article › Research › peer-review

Abstract

To estimate the minimal gene set required to sustain bacterial life in nutritious conditions, we carried out a systematic inactivation of Bacillus subtilis genes. Among approximate to4,100 genes of the organism, only 192 were shown to be indispensable by this or previous work. Another 79 genes were predicted to be essential. The vast majority of essential genes were categorized in relatively few domains of cell metabolism, with about half involved in information processing, one-fifth involved in the synthesis of cell envelope and the determination of cell shape and division, and one-tenth related to cell energetics. Only 4% of essential genes encode unknown functions. Most essential genes are present throughout a wide range of Bacteria, and almost 70% can also be found in Archaea and Eucarya. However, essential genes related to cell envelope, shape, division, and respiration tend to be lost from bacteria with small genomes. Unexpectedly, most genes involved in the Embden-Meyerhof-Parnas pathway are essential. Identification of unknown and unexpected essential genes opens research avenues to better understanding of processes that sustain bacterial life.

Original language	English
Journal	Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America
Volume	100
Issue number	8
Pages (from-to)	4678-4683
ISSN	0027-8424
DOIs	https://doi.org/10.1073/pnas.0730515100
Publication status	Published - 2003

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Kobayashi, K., Ehrlich, S. D., Albertini, A., Amati, G., Andersen, K. K., Arnaud, M., Asai, K., Ashikaga, S., Aymerich, S., Bessieres, P., Boland, F., Brignell, S. C., Bron, S., Bunai, K., Chapuis, J., Christiansen, L. C., Danchin, A., Debarbouille, M., Dervyn, E., ... Ogasawara, N. (2003). Essential Bacillus subtilis genes. Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America, 100(8), 4678-4683. https://doi.org/10.1073/pnas.0730515100

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title = "Essential Bacillus subtilis genes",

abstract = "To estimate the minimal gene set required to sustain bacterial life in nutritious conditions, we carried out a systematic inactivation of Bacillus subtilis genes. Among approximate to4,100 genes of the organism, only 192 were shown to be indispensable by this or previous work. Another 79 genes were predicted to be essential. The vast majority of essential genes were categorized in relatively few domains of cell metabolism, with about half involved in information processing, one-fifth involved in the synthesis of cell envelope and the determination of cell shape and division, and one-tenth related to cell energetics. Only 4% of essential genes encode unknown functions. Most essential genes are present throughout a wide range of Bacteria, and almost 70% can also be found in Archaea and Eucarya. However, essential genes related to cell envelope, shape, division, and respiration tend to be lost from bacteria with small genomes. Unexpectedly, most genes involved in the Embden-Meyerhof-Parnas pathway are essential. Identification of unknown and unexpected essential genes opens research avenues to better understanding of processes that sustain bacterial life. ",

author = "K. Kobayashi and S.D. Ehrlich and A. Albertini and G. Amati and K.K. Andersen and M. Arnaud and K. Asai and S. Ashikaga and S. Aymerich and P. Bessieres and F. Boland and S.C. Brignell and S. Bron and K. Bunai and J. Chapuis and L.C. Christiansen and A. Danchin and M. Debarbouille and E. Dervyn and E. Deuerling and K. Devine and S.K. Devine and O. Dreesen and J. Errington and S. Fillinger and S.J. Foster and Y. Fujita and A. Galizzi and R. Gardan and C. Eschevins and T. Fukushima and K. Haga and C.R. Harwood and M. Hecker and D. Hosoya and M.F. Hullo and H. Kakeshita and D. Karamata and Y. Kasahara and F. Kawamura and K. Koga and P. Koski and R. Kuwana and D. Imamura and M. Ishimaru and S. Ishikawa and I. Ishio and {Le Coq}, D. and A. Masson and C. Mauel and R. Meima and R.P. Mellado and A. Moir and S. Moriya and E. Nagakawa and H. Nanamiya and S. Nakai and P. Nygaard and M. Ogura and T. Ohanan and M. O'Reilly and M. O'Rourke and Z. Pragai and H.M. Pooley and G. Rapoport and J.P. Rawlins and L.A. Rivas and C. Rivolta and A. Sadaie and Y. Sadaie and M. Sarvas and T. Sato and Saxild, {Hans Henrik} and E. Scanlan and W. Schumann and J.F.M.L. Seegers and J. Sekiguchi and A. Sekowska and S.J. Seror and M. Simon and P. Stragier and R. Studer and H. Takamatsu and T. Tanaka and M. Takeuchi and H.B. Thomaides and V. Vagner and {van Dijl}, J.M. and K. Watabe and A. Wipat and H. Yamamoto and M. Yamamoto and Y. Yamamoto and K. Yamane and K. Yata and K. Yoshida and H. Yoshikawa and U. Zuber and N. Ogasawara",

year = "2003",

doi = "10.1073/pnas.0730515100",

language = "English",

volume = "100",

pages = "4678--4683",

journal = "Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America",

issn = "0027-8424",

publisher = "The National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America",

number = "8",

}

Kobayashi, K, Ehrlich, SD, Albertini, A, Amati, G, Andersen, KK, Arnaud, M, Asai, K, Ashikaga, S, Aymerich, S, Bessieres, P, Boland, F, Brignell, SC, Bron, S, Bunai, K, Chapuis, J, Christiansen, LC, Danchin, A, Debarbouille, M, Dervyn, E, Deuerling, E, Devine, K, Devine, SK, Dreesen, O, Errington, J, Fillinger, S, Foster, SJ, Fujita, Y, Galizzi, A, Gardan, R, Eschevins, C, Fukushima, T, Haga, K, Harwood, CR, Hecker, M, Hosoya, D, Hullo, MF, Kakeshita, H, Karamata, D, Kasahara, Y, Kawamura, F, Koga, K, Koski, P, Kuwana, R, Imamura, D, Ishimaru, M, Ishikawa, S, Ishio, I, Le Coq, D, Masson, A, Mauel, C, Meima, R, Mellado, RP, Moir, A, Moriya, S, Nagakawa, E, Nanamiya, H, Nakai, S, Nygaard, P, Ogura, M, Ohanan, T, O'Reilly, M, O'Rourke, M, Pragai, Z, Pooley, HM, Rapoport, G, Rawlins, JP, Rivas, LA, Rivolta, C, Sadaie, A, Sadaie, Y, Sarvas, M, Sato, T, Saxild, HH, Scanlan, E, Schumann, W, Seegers, JFML, Sekiguchi, J, Sekowska, A, Seror, SJ, Simon, M, Stragier, P, Studer, R, Takamatsu, H, Tanaka, T, Takeuchi, M, Thomaides, HB, Vagner, V, van Dijl, JM, Watabe, K, Wipat, A, Yamamoto, H, Yamamoto, M, Yamamoto, Y, Yamane, K, Yata, K, Yoshida, K, Yoshikawa, H, Zuber, U & Ogasawara, N 2003, 'Essential Bacillus subtilis genes', Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America, vol. 100, no. 8, pp. 4678-4683. https://doi.org/10.1073/pnas.0730515100

TY - JOUR

T1 - Essential Bacillus subtilis genes

AU - Kobayashi, K.

AU - Ehrlich, S.D.

AU - Albertini, A.

AU - Amati, G.

AU - Andersen, K.K.

AU - Arnaud, M.

AU - Asai, K.

AU - Ashikaga, S.

AU - Aymerich, S.

AU - Bessieres, P.

AU - Boland, F.

AU - Brignell, S.C.

AU - Bron, S.

AU - Bunai, K.

AU - Chapuis, J.

AU - Christiansen, L.C.

AU - Danchin, A.

AU - Debarbouille, M.

AU - Dervyn, E.

AU - Deuerling, E.

AU - Devine, K.

AU - Devine, S.K.

AU - Dreesen, O.

AU - Errington, J.

AU - Fillinger, S.

AU - Foster, S.J.

AU - Fujita, Y.

AU - Galizzi, A.

AU - Gardan, R.

AU - Eschevins, C.

AU - Fukushima, T.

AU - Haga, K.

AU - Harwood, C.R.

AU - Hecker, M.

AU - Hosoya, D.

AU - Hullo, M.F.

AU - Kakeshita, H.

AU - Karamata, D.

AU - Kasahara, Y.

AU - Kawamura, F.

AU - Koga, K.

AU - Koski, P.

AU - Kuwana, R.

AU - Imamura, D.

AU - Ishimaru, M.

AU - Ishikawa, S.

AU - Ishio, I.

AU - Le Coq, D.

AU - Masson, A.

AU - Mauel, C.

AU - Meima, R.

AU - Mellado, R.P.

AU - Moir, A.

AU - Moriya, S.

AU - Nagakawa, E.

AU - Nanamiya, H.

AU - Nakai, S.

AU - Nygaard, P.

AU - Ogura, M.

AU - Ohanan, T.

AU - O'Reilly, M.

AU - O'Rourke, M.

AU - Pragai, Z.

AU - Pooley, H.M.

AU - Rapoport, G.

AU - Rawlins, J.P.

AU - Rivas, L.A.

AU - Rivolta, C.

AU - Sadaie, A.

AU - Sadaie, Y.

AU - Sarvas, M.

AU - Sato, T.

AU - Saxild, Hans Henrik

AU - Scanlan, E.

AU - Schumann, W.

AU - Seegers, J.F.M.L.

AU - Sekiguchi, J.

AU - Sekowska, A.

AU - Seror, S.J.

AU - Simon, M.

AU - Stragier, P.

AU - Studer, R.

AU - Takamatsu, H.

AU - Tanaka, T.

AU - Takeuchi, M.

AU - Thomaides, H.B.

AU - Vagner, V.

AU - van Dijl, J.M.

AU - Watabe, K.

AU - Wipat, A.

AU - Yamamoto, H.

AU - Yamamoto, M.

AU - Yamamoto, Y.

AU - Yamane, K.

AU - Yata, K.

AU - Yoshida, K.

AU - Yoshikawa, H.

AU - Zuber, U.

AU - Ogasawara, N.

PY - 2003

Y1 - 2003

N2 - To estimate the minimal gene set required to sustain bacterial life in nutritious conditions, we carried out a systematic inactivation of Bacillus subtilis genes. Among approximate to4,100 genes of the organism, only 192 were shown to be indispensable by this or previous work. Another 79 genes were predicted to be essential. The vast majority of essential genes were categorized in relatively few domains of cell metabolism, with about half involved in information processing, one-fifth involved in the synthesis of cell envelope and the determination of cell shape and division, and one-tenth related to cell energetics. Only 4% of essential genes encode unknown functions. Most essential genes are present throughout a wide range of Bacteria, and almost 70% can also be found in Archaea and Eucarya. However, essential genes related to cell envelope, shape, division, and respiration tend to be lost from bacteria with small genomes. Unexpectedly, most genes involved in the Embden-Meyerhof-Parnas pathway are essential. Identification of unknown and unexpected essential genes opens research avenues to better understanding of processes that sustain bacterial life.

AB - To estimate the minimal gene set required to sustain bacterial life in nutritious conditions, we carried out a systematic inactivation of Bacillus subtilis genes. Among approximate to4,100 genes of the organism, only 192 were shown to be indispensable by this or previous work. Another 79 genes were predicted to be essential. The vast majority of essential genes were categorized in relatively few domains of cell metabolism, with about half involved in information processing, one-fifth involved in the synthesis of cell envelope and the determination of cell shape and division, and one-tenth related to cell energetics. Only 4% of essential genes encode unknown functions. Most essential genes are present throughout a wide range of Bacteria, and almost 70% can also be found in Archaea and Eucarya. However, essential genes related to cell envelope, shape, division, and respiration tend to be lost from bacteria with small genomes. Unexpectedly, most genes involved in the Embden-Meyerhof-Parnas pathway are essential. Identification of unknown and unexpected essential genes opens research avenues to better understanding of processes that sustain bacterial life.

U2 - 10.1073/pnas.0730515100

DO - 10.1073/pnas.0730515100

M3 - Journal article

SN - 0027-8424

VL - 100

SP - 4678

EP - 4683

JO - Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America

JF - Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America

IS - 8

ER -

Essential Bacillus subtilis genes

Abstract

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