Environmental impacts of electricity self-consumption from organic photovoltaic battery systems at industrial facilities in Denmark

Organic photovoltaics (OPV) show promise of greatly improving the environmental and economic performance of PV compared to conventional silicon. Life cycle assessment studies have assessed the environmental impacts of OPV, but not under a self-consumption scheme for industrial facilities. We investigate the life cycle environmental impacts of electricity self-consumption from an OPV system coupled with a sodium/nickel chloride battery at an iron/metal industry in Denmark. Results show that an OPV system without storage could decrease the carbon footprint of the industry; installation of the battery increases climate change and human toxicity impacts. We discuss sensitive modelling parameters and provide recommendations.