Enhancing high-temperature suitability of Ni-electroplated AISI 441 steel by soft-chromising

Louis Sadowski Cavichiolo; Tobias Holt Nørby; John Hald; Karen Pantleon

doi:10.1016/j.surfcoat.2023.129917

Enhancing high-temperature suitability of Ni-electroplated AISI 441 steel by soft-chromising

Louis Sadowski Cavichiolo^*
, Tobias Holt Nørby
, John Hald
, Karen Pantleon

^*Corresponding author for this work

Haldor Topsoe AS

Research output: Contribution to journal › Journal article › Research › peer-review

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Abstract

Commodity ferritic steel AISI 441, electroplated with nickel, can improve large-scale interconnect manufacturing for solid oxide cell stacks, but nickel-diffusion-induced chromium depletion in the steel surface adversely affects the oxidation behaviour. The present study explores soft-chromising to limit oxidation in Ni-coated AISI 441 during a simulated stack sealing exposure. Complementary in-situ X-ray diffraction and ex-situ electron microscopy revealed that soft-chromising favours the formation of protective external Cr(Mn)-rich oxide and lowers detrimental internal oxidation. Soft-chromising seems promising for the development of new low-cost commodity steels that allow nickel in protective coatings, thereby facilitating an interconnect design appropriate for large-scale production.

Original language	English
Article number	129917
Journal	Surface and Coatings Technology
Volume	472
Number of pages	12
ISSN	0257-8972
DOIs	https://doi.org/10.1016/j.surfcoat.2023.129917
Publication status	Published - 2023

Keywords

AISI 441
Chromium addition
High temperature oxidation
Nickel diffusion
Solid oxide cell interconnect
X-ray diffraction

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title = "Enhancing high-temperature suitability of Ni-electroplated AISI 441 steel by soft-chromising",

abstract = "Commodity ferritic steel AISI 441, electroplated with nickel, can improve large-scale interconnect manufacturing for solid oxide cell stacks, but nickel-diffusion-induced chromium depletion in the steel surface adversely affects the oxidation behaviour. The present study explores soft-chromising to limit oxidation in Ni-coated AISI 441 during a simulated stack sealing exposure. Complementary in-situ X-ray diffraction and ex-situ electron microscopy revealed that soft-chromising favours the formation of protective external Cr(Mn)-rich oxide and lowers detrimental internal oxidation. Soft-chromising seems promising for the development of new low-cost commodity steels that allow nickel in protective coatings, thereby facilitating an interconnect design appropriate for large-scale production.",

keywords = "AISI 441, Chromium addition, High temperature oxidation, Nickel diffusion, Solid oxide cell interconnect, X-ray diffraction",

author = "Cavichiolo, \{Louis Sadowski\} and N{\o}rby, \{Tobias Holt\} and John Hald and Karen Pantleon",

year = "2023",

doi = "10.1016/j.surfcoat.2023.129917",

language = "English",

volume = "472",

journal = "Surface and Coatings Technology",

issn = "0257-8972",

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T1 - Enhancing high-temperature suitability of Ni-electroplated AISI 441 steel by soft-chromising

AU - Cavichiolo, Louis Sadowski

AU - Nørby, Tobias Holt

AU - Hald, John

AU - Pantleon, Karen

PY - 2023

Y1 - 2023

N2 - Commodity ferritic steel AISI 441, electroplated with nickel, can improve large-scale interconnect manufacturing for solid oxide cell stacks, but nickel-diffusion-induced chromium depletion in the steel surface adversely affects the oxidation behaviour. The present study explores soft-chromising to limit oxidation in Ni-coated AISI 441 during a simulated stack sealing exposure. Complementary in-situ X-ray diffraction and ex-situ electron microscopy revealed that soft-chromising favours the formation of protective external Cr(Mn)-rich oxide and lowers detrimental internal oxidation. Soft-chromising seems promising for the development of new low-cost commodity steels that allow nickel in protective coatings, thereby facilitating an interconnect design appropriate for large-scale production.

AB - Commodity ferritic steel AISI 441, electroplated with nickel, can improve large-scale interconnect manufacturing for solid oxide cell stacks, but nickel-diffusion-induced chromium depletion in the steel surface adversely affects the oxidation behaviour. The present study explores soft-chromising to limit oxidation in Ni-coated AISI 441 during a simulated stack sealing exposure. Complementary in-situ X-ray diffraction and ex-situ electron microscopy revealed that soft-chromising favours the formation of protective external Cr(Mn)-rich oxide and lowers detrimental internal oxidation. Soft-chromising seems promising for the development of new low-cost commodity steels that allow nickel in protective coatings, thereby facilitating an interconnect design appropriate for large-scale production.

KW - AISI 441

KW - Chromium addition

KW - High temperature oxidation

KW - Nickel diffusion

KW - Solid oxide cell interconnect

KW - X-ray diffraction

U2 - 10.1016/j.surfcoat.2023.129917

DO - 10.1016/j.surfcoat.2023.129917

M3 - Journal article

SN - 0257-8972

VL - 472

JO - Surface and Coatings Technology

JF - Surface and Coatings Technology

M1 - 129917

ER -

Enhancing high-temperature suitability of Ni-electroplated AISI 441 steel by soft-chromising

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