Electrochemical oxidation of molecular nitrogen to nitric acid: towards a molecular level understanding of the challenges

Nitric acid is manufactured by oxidizing ammonia where the ammonia comes from an energy demanding and non-eco-friendly, Haber-Bosch process. Electrochemical oxidation of N₂ to nitric acid using renewable electricity could be a promising alternative to bypass the ammonia route. In this work, we discuss the plausible reaction mechanisms of electrochemical N₂ oxidation (N₂OR) at the molecular level and its competition with the parasitic oxygen evolution reaction (OER). We suggest the design strategies for N₂ oxidation electro-catalysts by first comparing the performance of two catalysts - TiO₂(110) (poor OER catalyst) and IrO₂(110) (good OER catalyst), towards dinitrogen oxidation and then establish trends/scaling relations to correlate OER and N₂OR activities. The challenges associated with electrochemical N₂OR are highlighted.