Development of the self-modulation instability of a relativistic proton bunch in plasma

L. Verra; S. Wyler; T. Nechaeva; J. Pucek; V. Bencini; M. Bergamaschi; L. Ranc; G. Zevi Della Porta; E. Gschwendtner; P. Muggli; AWAKE Collaboration; R. Agnello; C. C. Ahdida; C. Amoedo; Y. Andrebe; O. Apsimon; R. Apsimon; J. M. Arnesano; P. Blanchard; P. N. Burrows; Birger Buttenschön; Allen Caldwell; M. Chung; D. A. Cooke; C. Davut; G. Demeter; A. C. Dexter; S. Doebert; F. A. Elverson; J. Farmer; Ambrogio Fasoli; R. Fonseca; I. Furno; A. Gorn; E. Granados; M. Granetzny; T. Graubner; O. Grulke; E. Guran; J. Henderson; M. Kedves; S. Y. Kim; F. Kraus; M. Krupa; Thibaut Lefevre; L. Liang; S. Liu; N. Lopes; K. Lotov; M. Martinez Calderon; Stefano Mazzoni; Kook-jin Moon; P. I. Morales Guzmán; Mariana Moreira; C. Pakuza; Fern Pannell; A. Pardons; Kevin Pepitone; E. Poimendidou; Alexander Pukhov; Rebecca Louise Ramjiawan; Stephane Rey; Ralf Erik Rossel; Hossein Saberi; Oliver Schmitz; E. Senes; Fernando Silva; L. Silva; Bethany Spear; C. Stollberg; A. Sublet; Catherine Swain; A. Topaloudis; N. Torrado; Petr Tuev; Marlene Turner; F. Velotti; Victor Verzilov; J. Vieira; Martin Weidl; C. P. Welsch; Manfred Wendt; Matthew Wing; Joseph Wolfenden; Benjamin Woolley; G. Xia; Vlada Yarygova; Michael Zepp

doi:10.1063/5.0157391

Development of the self-modulation instability of a relativistic proton bunch in plasma

L. Verra^*, S. Wyler, T. Nechaeva, J. Pucek, V. Bencini, M. Bergamaschi, L. Ranc, G. Zevi Della Porta, E. Gschwendtner, P. Muggli, AWAKE Collaboration, R. Agnello, C. C. Ahdida, C. Amoedo, Y. Andrebe, O. Apsimon, R. Apsimon, J. M. Arnesano, P. Blanchard, P. N. BurrowsBirger Buttenschön, Allen Caldwell, M. Chung, D. A. Cooke, C. Davut, G. Demeter, A. C. Dexter, S. Doebert, F. A. Elverson, J. Farmer, Ambrogio Fasoli, R. Fonseca, I. Furno, A. Gorn, E. Granados, M. Granetzny, T. Graubner, O. Grulke, E. Guran, J. Henderson, M. Kedves, S. Y. Kim, F. Kraus, M. Krupa, Thibaut Lefevre, L. Liang, S. Liu, N. Lopes, K. Lotov, M. Martinez Calderon, Stefano Mazzoni, Kook-jin Moon, P. I. Morales Guzmán, Mariana Moreira, C. Pakuza, Fern Pannell, A. Pardons, Kevin Pepitone, E. Poimendidou, Alexander Pukhov, Rebecca Louise Ramjiawan, Stephane Rey, Ralf Erik Rossel, Hossein Saberi, Oliver Schmitz, E. Senes, Fernando Silva, L. Silva, Bethany Spear, C. Stollberg, A. Sublet, Catherine Swain, A. Topaloudis, N. Torrado, Petr Tuev, Marlene Turner, F. Velotti, Victor Verzilov, J. Vieira, Martin Weidl, C. P. Welsch, Manfred Wendt, Matthew Wing, Joseph Wolfenden, Benjamin Woolley, G. Xia, Vlada Yarygova, Michael Zepp

^*Corresponding author for this work

Department of Physics

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Abstract

Self-modulation is a beam–plasma instability that is useful to drive large-amplitude wakefields with bunches much longer than the plasma skin depth. We present experimental results showing that, when increasing the ratio between the initial transverse size of the bunch and the plasma skin depth, the instability occurs later along the bunch, or not at all, over a fixed plasma length because the amplitude of the initial wakefields decreases. We show cases for which self-modulation does not develop, and we introduce a simple model discussing the conditions for which it would not occur after any plasma length. Changing bunch size and plasma electron density also changes the growth rate of the instability. We discuss the impact of these results on the design of a particle accelerator based on the self-modulation instability seeded by a relativistic ionization front, such as the future upgrade of the Advanced WAKefield Experiment.

Original language	English
Article number	083104
Journal	Physics of Plasmas
Volume	30
Issue number	8
Number of pages	10
ISSN	1070-664X
DOIs	https://doi.org/10.1063/5.0157391
Publication status	Published - 2023

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Verra, L., Wyler, S., Nechaeva, T., Pucek, J., Bencini, V., Bergamaschi, M., Ranc, L., Della Porta, G. Z., Gschwendtner, E., Muggli, P., AWAKE Collaboration, Agnello, R., Ahdida, C. C., Amoedo, C., Andrebe, Y., Apsimon, O., Apsimon, R., Arnesano, J. M., Blanchard, P., ... Zepp, M. (2023). Development of the self-modulation instability of a relativistic proton bunch in plasma. Physics of Plasmas, 30(8), Article 083104. https://doi.org/10.1063/5.0157391

@article{225dba64430047829096b362bf9c9c72,

title = "Development of the self-modulation instability of a relativistic proton bunch in plasma",

abstract = "Self-modulation is a beam–plasma instability that is useful to drive large-amplitude wakefields with bunches much longer than the plasma skin depth. We present experimental results showing that, when increasing the ratio between the initial transverse size of the bunch and the plasma skin depth, the instability occurs later along the bunch, or not at all, over a fixed plasma length because the amplitude of the initial wakefields decreases. We show cases for which self-modulation does not develop, and we introduce a simple model discussing the conditions for which it would not occur after any plasma length. Changing bunch size and plasma electron density also changes the growth rate of the instability. We discuss the impact of these results on the design of a particle accelerator based on the self-modulation instability seeded by a relativistic ionization front, such as the future upgrade of the Advanced WAKefield Experiment.",

author = "L. Verra and S. Wyler and T. Nechaeva and J. Pucek and V. Bencini and M. Bergamaschi and L. Ranc and {Della Porta}, {G. Zevi} and E. Gschwendtner and P. Muggli and {AWAKE Collaboration} and R. Agnello and Ahdida, {C. C.} and C. Amoedo and Y. Andrebe and O. Apsimon and R. Apsimon and Arnesano, {J. M.} and P. Blanchard and Burrows, {P. N.} and Birger Buttensch{\"o}n and Allen Caldwell and M. Chung and Cooke, {D. A.} and C. Davut and G. Demeter and Dexter, {A. C.} and S. Doebert and Elverson, {F. A.} and J. Farmer and Ambrogio Fasoli and R. Fonseca and I. Furno and A. Gorn and E. Granados and M. Granetzny and T. Graubner and O. Grulke and E. Guran and J. Henderson and M. Kedves and Kim, {S. Y.} and F. Kraus and M. Krupa and Thibaut Lefevre and L. Liang and S. Liu and N. Lopes and K. Lotov and {Martinez Calderon}, M. and Stefano Mazzoni and Kook-jin Moon and {Morales Guzm{\'a}n}, {P. I.} and Mariana Moreira and C. Pakuza and Fern Pannell and A. Pardons and Kevin Pepitone and E. Poimendidou and Alexander Pukhov and Ramjiawan, {Rebecca Louise} and Stephane Rey and Rossel, {Ralf Erik} and Hossein Saberi and Oliver Schmitz and E. Senes and Fernando Silva and L. Silva and Bethany Spear and C. Stollberg and A. Sublet and Catherine Swain and A. Topaloudis and N. Torrado and Petr Tuev and Marlene Turner and F. Velotti and Victor Verzilov and J. Vieira and Martin Weidl and Welsch, {C. P.} and Manfred Wendt and Matthew Wing and Joseph Wolfenden and Benjamin Woolley and G. Xia and Vlada Yarygova and Michael Zepp",

note = "Publisher Copyright: {\textcopyright} 2023 Author(s).",

year = "2023",

doi = "10.1063/5.0157391",

language = "English",

volume = "30",

journal = "Physics of Plasmas",

issn = "1070-664X",

publisher = "American Institute of Physics",

number = "8",

}

Verra, L, Wyler, S, Nechaeva, T, Pucek, J, Bencini, V, Bergamaschi, M, Ranc, L, Della Porta, GZ, Gschwendtner, E, Muggli, P, AWAKE Collaboration, Agnello, R, Ahdida, CC, Amoedo, C, Andrebe, Y, Apsimon, O, Apsimon, R, Arnesano, JM, Blanchard, P, Burrows, PN, Buttenschön, B, Caldwell, A, Chung, M, Cooke, DA, Davut, C, Demeter, G, Dexter, AC, Doebert, S, Elverson, FA, Farmer, J, Fasoli, A, Fonseca, R, Furno, I, Gorn, A, Granados, E, Granetzny, M, Graubner, T, Grulke, O, Guran, E, Henderson, J, Kedves, M, Kim, SY, Kraus, F, Krupa, M, Lefevre, T, Liang, L, Liu, S, Lopes, N, Lotov, K, Martinez Calderon, M, Mazzoni, S, Moon, K, Morales Guzmán, PI, Moreira, M, Pakuza, C, Pannell, F, Pardons, A, Pepitone, K, Poimendidou, E, Pukhov, A, Ramjiawan, RL, Rey, S, Rossel, RE, Saberi, H, Schmitz, O, Senes, E, Silva, F, Silva, L, Spear, B, Stollberg, C, Sublet, A, Swain, C, Topaloudis, A, Torrado, N, Tuev, P, Turner, M, Velotti, F, Verzilov, V, Vieira, J, Weidl, M, Welsch, CP, Wendt, M, Wing, M, Wolfenden, J, Woolley, B, Xia, G, Yarygova, V & Zepp, M 2023, 'Development of the self-modulation instability of a relativistic proton bunch in plasma', Physics of Plasmas, vol. 30, no. 8, 083104. https://doi.org/10.1063/5.0157391

TY - JOUR

T1 - Development of the self-modulation instability of a relativistic proton bunch in plasma

AU - Verra, L.

AU - Wyler, S.

AU - Nechaeva, T.

AU - Pucek, J.

AU - Bencini, V.

AU - Bergamaschi, M.

AU - Ranc, L.

AU - Della Porta, G. Zevi

AU - Gschwendtner, E.

AU - Muggli, P.

AU - AWAKE Collaboration

AU - Agnello, R.

AU - Ahdida, C. C.

AU - Amoedo, C.

AU - Andrebe, Y.

AU - Apsimon, O.

AU - Apsimon, R.

AU - Arnesano, J. M.

AU - Blanchard, P.

AU - Burrows, P. N.

AU - Buttenschön, Birger

AU - Caldwell, Allen

AU - Chung, M.

AU - Cooke, D. A.

AU - Davut, C.

AU - Demeter, G.

AU - Dexter, A. C.

AU - Doebert, S.

AU - Elverson, F. A.

AU - Farmer, J.

AU - Fasoli, Ambrogio

AU - Fonseca, R.

AU - Furno, I.

AU - Gorn, A.

AU - Granados, E.

AU - Granetzny, M.

AU - Graubner, T.

AU - Grulke, O.

AU - Guran, E.

AU - Henderson, J.

AU - Kedves, M.

AU - Kim, S. Y.

AU - Kraus, F.

AU - Krupa, M.

AU - Lefevre, Thibaut

AU - Liang, L.

AU - Liu, S.

AU - Lopes, N.

AU - Lotov, K.

AU - Martinez Calderon, M.

AU - Mazzoni, Stefano

AU - Moon, Kook-jin

AU - Morales Guzmán, P. I.

AU - Moreira, Mariana

AU - Pakuza, C.

AU - Pannell, Fern

AU - Pardons, A.

AU - Pepitone, Kevin

AU - Poimendidou, E.

AU - Pukhov, Alexander

AU - Ramjiawan, Rebecca Louise

AU - Rey, Stephane

AU - Rossel, Ralf Erik

AU - Saberi, Hossein

AU - Schmitz, Oliver

AU - Senes, E.

AU - Silva, Fernando

AU - Silva, L.

AU - Spear, Bethany

AU - Stollberg, C.

AU - Sublet, A.

AU - Swain, Catherine

AU - Topaloudis, A.

AU - Torrado, N.

AU - Tuev, Petr

AU - Turner, Marlene

AU - Velotti, F.

AU - Verzilov, Victor

AU - Vieira, J.

AU - Weidl, Martin

AU - Welsch, C. P.

AU - Wendt, Manfred

AU - Wing, Matthew

AU - Wolfenden, Joseph

AU - Woolley, Benjamin

AU - Xia, G.

AU - Yarygova, Vlada

AU - Zepp, Michael

PY - 2023

Y1 - 2023

N2 - Self-modulation is a beam–plasma instability that is useful to drive large-amplitude wakefields with bunches much longer than the plasma skin depth. We present experimental results showing that, when increasing the ratio between the initial transverse size of the bunch and the plasma skin depth, the instability occurs later along the bunch, or not at all, over a fixed plasma length because the amplitude of the initial wakefields decreases. We show cases for which self-modulation does not develop, and we introduce a simple model discussing the conditions for which it would not occur after any plasma length. Changing bunch size and plasma electron density also changes the growth rate of the instability. We discuss the impact of these results on the design of a particle accelerator based on the self-modulation instability seeded by a relativistic ionization front, such as the future upgrade of the Advanced WAKefield Experiment.

AB - Self-modulation is a beam–plasma instability that is useful to drive large-amplitude wakefields with bunches much longer than the plasma skin depth. We present experimental results showing that, when increasing the ratio between the initial transverse size of the bunch and the plasma skin depth, the instability occurs later along the bunch, or not at all, over a fixed plasma length because the amplitude of the initial wakefields decreases. We show cases for which self-modulation does not develop, and we introduce a simple model discussing the conditions for which it would not occur after any plasma length. Changing bunch size and plasma electron density also changes the growth rate of the instability. We discuss the impact of these results on the design of a particle accelerator based on the self-modulation instability seeded by a relativistic ionization front, such as the future upgrade of the Advanced WAKefield Experiment.

U2 - 10.1063/5.0157391

DO - 10.1063/5.0157391

M3 - Journal article

AN - SCOPUS:85171298015

SN - 1070-664X

VL - 30

JO - Physics of Plasmas

JF - Physics of Plasmas

IS - 8

M1 - 083104

ER -

Development of the self-modulation instability of a relativistic proton bunch in plasma

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