Development of Ni-based multilayers for future focusing soft gamma ray telescopes

David A. Girou; Sonny Massahi; Erlend K. Sleire; Anders C. Jakobsen; Finn E. Christensen

doi:10.1117/12.2186814

Development of Ni-based multilayers for future focusing soft gamma ray telescopes

David A. Girou, Sonny Massahi, Erlend K. Sleire, Anders C. Jakobsen, Finn E. Christensen

Technical University of Denmark

Research output: Chapter in Book/Report/Conference proceeding › Article in proceedings › Research › peer-review

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Abstract

Ni-based multilayers are a possible solution to extend the upper energy range of hard X-ray focusing telescopes currently limited at ≈79:4 keV by the Pt-K absorption edge. In this study 10 bilayers multilayers with a constant bilayer thickness were coated with the DC magnetron sputtering facility at DTU Space, characterized at 8 keV using X-ray reectometry and fitted using the IMD software. Ni/C multilayers were found to have a mean interface roughness ≈ 1:5 times lower than Ni/B4C multilayers. Reactive sputtering with ≈ 76% of Ar and ≈ 24% of N2 reduced the mean interface roughness by a factor of ≈ 1:7. It also increased the coating rate of C by a factor of ≈ 3:1 and lead to a coating process going ≈ 1:6 times faster. Honeycomb collimation proved to limit the increase in mean interface roughness when the bilayer thickness increases at the price of a coating process going ≈ 1:9 times longer than with separator plates. Finally a Ni/C 150 bilayers depth-graded mutilayer was coated with reactive sputtering and honeycomb collimation and then characterized from 10 keV to 150 keV. It showed 10% reectance up to 85 keV

Original language	English
Title of host publication	Proceedings of SPIE
Volume	9603
Publisher	SPIE - International Society for Optical Engineering
Publication date	2015
Pages	11
DOIs	https://doi.org/10.1117/12.2186814
Publication status	Published - 2015
Event	Optics for EUV, X-Ray, and Gamma-Ray Astronomy VII: Conference 9603 - San Diego Convention Center, San Diego, United States Duration: 10 Aug 2015 → 13 Aug 2015 Conference number: 7

Conference

Conference	Optics for EUV, X-Ray, and Gamma-Ray Astronomy VII
Number	7
Location	San Diego Convention Center
Country/Territory	United States
City	San Diego
Period	10/08/2015 → 13/08/2015

Series	Proceedings of SPIE - The International Society for Optical Engineering
ISSN	0277-786X

Bibliographical note

Copyright 2015 Society of Photo Optical Instrumentation Engineers. One print or electronic copy may be made for personal use only. Systematic electronic or print reproduction and distribution, duplication of any material in this paper for a fee or for commercial purposes, or modification of the content of the paper are prohibited.

Keywords

Nickel
Multilayer
Gamma-ray
Telescope
Depth-graded
Reactive sputtering
Collimation
Coating
Magnetron sputtering

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title = "Development of Ni-based multilayers for future focusing soft gamma ray telescopes",

abstract = "Ni-based multilayers are a possible solution to extend the upper energy range of hard X-ray focusing telescopes currently limited at ≈79:4 keV by the Pt-K absorption edge. In this study 10 bilayers multilayers with a constant bilayer thickness were coated with the DC magnetron sputtering facility at DTU Space, characterized at 8 keV using X-ray reectometry and fitted using the IMD software. Ni/C multilayers were found to have a mean interface roughness ≈ 1:5 times lower than Ni/B4C multilayers. Reactive sputtering with ≈ 76% of Ar and ≈ 24% of N2 reduced the mean interface roughness by a factor of ≈ 1:7. It also increased the coating rate of C by a factor of ≈ 3:1 and lead to a coating process going ≈ 1:6 times faster. Honeycomb collimation proved to limit the increase in mean interface roughness when the bilayer thickness increases at the price of a coating process going ≈ 1:9 times longer than with separator plates. Finally a Ni/C 150 bilayers depth-graded mutilayer was coated with reactive sputtering and honeycomb collimation and then characterized from 10 keV to 150 keV. It showed 10% reectance up to 85 keV",

keywords = "Nickel, Multilayer, Gamma-ray, Telescope, Depth-graded, Reactive sputtering, Collimation, Coating, Magnetron sputtering",

author = "Girou, {David A.} and Sonny Massahi and Sleire, {Erlend K.} and Jakobsen, {Anders C.} and Christensen, {Finn E.}",

note = "Copyright 2015 Society of Photo Optical Instrumentation Engineers. One print or electronic copy may be made for personal use only. Systematic electronic or print reproduction and distribution, duplication of any material in this paper for a fee or for commercial purposes, or modification of the content of the paper are prohibited.; Optics for EUV, X-Ray, and Gamma-Ray Astronomy VII : Conference 9603 ; Conference date: 10-08-2015 Through 13-08-2015",

year = "2015",

doi = "10.1117/12.2186814",

language = "English",

volume = "9603",

series = "Proceedings of SPIE - The International Society for Optical Engineering",

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Girou, DA, Massahi, S, Sleire, EK, Jakobsen, AC & Christensen, FE 2015, Development of Ni-based multilayers for future focusing soft gamma ray telescopes. in Proceedings of SPIE. vol. 9603, SPIE - International Society for Optical Engineering, Proceedings of SPIE - The International Society for Optical Engineering, pp. 11, Optics for EUV, X-Ray, and Gamma-Ray Astronomy VII, San Diego, California, United States, 10/08/2015. https://doi.org/10.1117/12.2186814

Development of Ni-based multilayers for future focusing soft gamma ray telescopes. / Girou, David A.; Massahi, Sonny; Sleire, Erlend K. et al.
Proceedings of SPIE. Vol. 9603 SPIE - International Society for Optical Engineering, 2015. p. 11 (Proceedings of SPIE - The International Society for Optical Engineering).

Research output: Chapter in Book/Report/Conference proceeding › Article in proceedings › Research › peer-review

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T1 - Development of Ni-based multilayers for future focusing soft gamma ray telescopes

AU - Girou, David A.

AU - Massahi, Sonny

AU - Sleire, Erlend K.

AU - Jakobsen, Anders C.

AU - Christensen, Finn E.

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N2 - Ni-based multilayers are a possible solution to extend the upper energy range of hard X-ray focusing telescopes currently limited at ≈79:4 keV by the Pt-K absorption edge. In this study 10 bilayers multilayers with a constant bilayer thickness were coated with the DC magnetron sputtering facility at DTU Space, characterized at 8 keV using X-ray reectometry and fitted using the IMD software. Ni/C multilayers were found to have a mean interface roughness ≈ 1:5 times lower than Ni/B4C multilayers. Reactive sputtering with ≈ 76% of Ar and ≈ 24% of N2 reduced the mean interface roughness by a factor of ≈ 1:7. It also increased the coating rate of C by a factor of ≈ 3:1 and lead to a coating process going ≈ 1:6 times faster. Honeycomb collimation proved to limit the increase in mean interface roughness when the bilayer thickness increases at the price of a coating process going ≈ 1:9 times longer than with separator plates. Finally a Ni/C 150 bilayers depth-graded mutilayer was coated with reactive sputtering and honeycomb collimation and then characterized from 10 keV to 150 keV. It showed 10% reectance up to 85 keV

AB - Ni-based multilayers are a possible solution to extend the upper energy range of hard X-ray focusing telescopes currently limited at ≈79:4 keV by the Pt-K absorption edge. In this study 10 bilayers multilayers with a constant bilayer thickness were coated with the DC magnetron sputtering facility at DTU Space, characterized at 8 keV using X-ray reectometry and fitted using the IMD software. Ni/C multilayers were found to have a mean interface roughness ≈ 1:5 times lower than Ni/B4C multilayers. Reactive sputtering with ≈ 76% of Ar and ≈ 24% of N2 reduced the mean interface roughness by a factor of ≈ 1:7. It also increased the coating rate of C by a factor of ≈ 3:1 and lead to a coating process going ≈ 1:6 times faster. Honeycomb collimation proved to limit the increase in mean interface roughness when the bilayer thickness increases at the price of a coating process going ≈ 1:9 times longer than with separator plates. Finally a Ni/C 150 bilayers depth-graded mutilayer was coated with reactive sputtering and honeycomb collimation and then characterized from 10 keV to 150 keV. It showed 10% reectance up to 85 keV

KW - Nickel

KW - Multilayer

KW - Gamma-ray

KW - Telescope

KW - Depth-graded

KW - Reactive sputtering

KW - Collimation

KW - Coating

KW - Magnetron sputtering

U2 - 10.1117/12.2186814

DO - 10.1117/12.2186814

M3 - Article in proceedings

VL - 9603

T3 - Proceedings of SPIE - The International Society for Optical Engineering

SP - 11

BT - Proceedings of SPIE

PB - SPIE - International Society for Optical Engineering

T2 - Optics for EUV, X-Ray, and Gamma-Ray Astronomy VII

Y2 - 10 August 2015 through 13 August 2015

ER -

Development of Ni-based multilayers for future focusing soft gamma ray telescopes

Abstract

Conference

Bibliographical note

Keywords

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