Development of an icing simulation code for rotating wind turbines

This study aims to develop a three-dimensional icing simulation code named WISE (Wind turbine Icing Simulation code with performance Evaluation) integrated into OpenFOAM®. The freely available source code can contribute to icing simulations that require parallel computations. The rotational motion is explained by a Moving Reference Frame (MRF) in both aerodynamic and droplet fields. The thin water film theory is applied in the thermodynamic module. To verify WISE, ice accretion shapes on NREL Phase VI under rime and glaze icing conditions were considered. The ice accretion shapes obtained by WISE were compared against FENSAP-ICE and another numerical simulation without the MRF method for the droplet field. For the rime condition, the icing limits, maximum thickness, and its location are well predicted by WISE compared with FENSAP-ICE while the simulation without the MRF method overestimates the icing limits and maximum thickness. For the glaze condition, only WISE and FENSAP-ICE results are compared where the icing limits are slightly different. On the suction side, WISE accurately predicts the maximum thickness, ice growth direction, and icing limits. However, the thickness of ice on the pressure side is underestimated. It might be necessary to have a turbulence model that can predict the flow transition.