Development of a Performance-Based Framework for Optimized Selection of Raw Materials to Mitigate ASR in Concrete: Part 1, Literature Review

One of the most destructive problems affecting concrete infrastructure worldwide is the Alkali-silica reaction (ASR). There are well-established tools and protocols for detecting and addressing ASR in the field. Appropriately using supplementary cementing materials (SCMs) is widely accepted to prevent ASR-induced expansion and deterioration. However, traditional standards and protocols require ongoing improvement to ensure optimal material use without sacrificing performance. This paper provides an extensive review of the use of SCMs to prevent and/or mitigate the effects of ASR in concrete. The discussion emphasizes the chemical composition of the blended binder mixtures used in various studies and their effectiveness against ASR. A critical analysis is conducted, and a performance-based framework is proposed that centers on the main ternary oxides of binder materials for selecting raw materials to mitigate ASR in concrete. The proposed ternary oxides approach yields promising results, providing valuable data to assist in selecting the best options for applying different SCMs and quantities in concrete structures exposed to ASR development. The analysis sheds light on the importance of each main oxide of binder material (CaO, SiO₂, and Al₂O₃) while offering valuable insights to support decision-making.