Determination of Optimum Network Layout for Low-Energy District Heating Systems with Different Substation Types

In this paper three different District Heating (DH) network types, which comprise substations with storage tank, and with instantaneous heat exchanger (each for domestic hot water production); and booster pumps installed in the beginning of each street at the latter network type, are pointed out with comparisons given in the point of dimensions and energy efficiency of the DH network for winter peak conditions. Also, two different network layouts –branched network with bypasses, installed at the end-users, and looped network without bypasses–, which are appointed for the purpose to prevent excessive temperature drop at supply in low heat demand conditions during summer months, are presented with the results of dynamic simulations, carried out in the Termis software with the input data of randomly generated heat demand of consumers in the basis of simultaneity factor effect in each pipe segment at the DH network.