Detection of Low-Energy X-rays Using YSO Scintillation Crystal Arrays for GRB Experiments

Minbin Kim; Jakub Ripa; Il H. Park; Vitaly Bogomolov; Søren Brandt; Carl Budtz-Jørgensen; Alberto J. Castro-Tirado; Sheng-Hsiung Chang; Yenyun Chang; Chia Ray Chen; C.-W. Chen; Pisin Chen; Paul Connell; Chris Eyles; Georgii Gaikov; Gihan Hong; Jian Jung Huang; Ming-Huey Alfred Huang; Soomin Jeong; Jieun Kim; Jik Lee; Heuijin Lim; Chih-Yang Lin; Tsung-Che Liu; Jiwoo Nam; Mikhail Panasyuk; Vasily Petrov; Victor Reglero; Juana M. Rodrigo; Sergey Svertilov; Nikolay Vedenkin; Ming Zu Wang; Ivan Yashin

doi:10.3390/universe7110396

Detection of Low-Energy X-rays Using YSO Scintillation Crystal Arrays for GRB Experiments

Minbin Kim, Jakub Ripa, Il H. Park, Vitaly Bogomolov, Søren Brandt, Carl Budtz-Jørgensen, Alberto J. Castro-Tirado, Sheng-Hsiung Chang, Yenyun Chang, Chia Ray Chen, C.-W. Chen, Pisin Chen, Paul Connell, Chris Eyles, Georgii Gaikov, Gihan Hong, Jian Jung Huang, Ming-Huey Alfred Huang, Soomin Jeong, Jieun KimJik Lee, Heuijin Lim, Chih-Yang Lin, Tsung-Che Liu, Jiwoo Nam, Mikhail Panasyuk, Vasily Petrov, Victor Reglero, Juana M. Rodrigo, Sergey Svertilov, Nikolay Vedenkin, Ming Zu Wang, Ivan Yashin

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Abstract

We developed an X-ray detector using 36 arrays, each consisting of a 64-pixellated yttrium oxyorthosilicate (YSO) scintillation crystal and a 64-channel multi-anode photomultiplier tube. The X-ray detector was designed to detect X-rays with energies lower than 10 keV, primarily with the aim of localizing gamma-ray bursts (GRBs). YSO crystals have no intrinsic background, which is advantageous for increasing low-energy sensitivity. The fabricated detector was integrated into UBAT, the payload of the Ultra-Fast Flash Observatory (UFFO)/Lomonosov for GRB observation. The UFFO was successfully operated in space in a low-Earth orbit. In this paper, we present the responses of the X-ray detector of the UBAT engineering model identical to the flight model, using ²⁴¹Am and ⁵⁵Fe radioactive sources and an Amptek X-ray tube. We found that the X-ray detector can measure energies lower than 5 keV. As such, we expect YSO crystals to be good candidates for the X-ray detector materials for future GRB missions.

Original language	English
Article number	396
Journal	Universe
Volume	7
Issue number	11
Number of pages	12
ISSN	2218-1997
DOIs	https://doi.org/10.3390/universe7110396
Publication status	Published - 2021

Bibliographical note

This article is an open access article distributed under the terms and conditions of the Creative Commons Attribution (CC BY) license (https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/).

Keywords

Gamma-ray burst
YSO
UBAT
UFFO

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Kim, M., Ripa, J., Park, I. H., Bogomolov, V., Brandt, S., Budtz-Jørgensen, C., Castro-Tirado, A. J., Chang, S.-H., Chang, Y., Chen, C. R., Chen, C.-W., Chen, P., Connell, P., Eyles, C., Gaikov, G., Hong, G., Huang, J. J., Huang, M.-H. A., Jeong, S., ... Yashin, I. (2021). Detection of Low-Energy X-rays Using YSO Scintillation Crystal Arrays for GRB Experiments. Universe, 7(11), Article 396. https://doi.org/10.3390/universe7110396

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title = "Detection of Low-Energy X-rays Using YSO Scintillation Crystal Arrays for GRB Experiments",

abstract = "We developed an X-ray detector using 36 arrays, each consisting of a 64-pixellated yttrium oxyorthosilicate (YSO) scintillation crystal and a 64-channel multi-anode photomultiplier tube. The X-ray detector was designed to detect X-rays with energies lower than 10 keV, primarily with the aim of localizing gamma-ray bursts (GRBs). YSO crystals have no intrinsic background, which is advantageous for increasing low-energy sensitivity. The fabricated detector was integrated into UBAT, the payload of the Ultra-Fast Flash Observatory (UFFO)/Lomonosov for GRB observation. The UFFO was successfully operated in space in a low-Earth orbit. In this paper, we present the responses of the X-ray detector of the UBAT engineering model identical to the flight model, using 241Am and 55Fe radioactive sources and an Amptek X-ray tube. We found that the X-ray detector can measure energies lower than 5 keV. As such, we expect YSO crystals to be good candidates for the X-ray detector materials for future GRB missions. ",

keywords = "Gamma-ray burst, YSO, UBAT, UFFO",

author = "Minbin Kim and Jakub Ripa and Park, {Il H.} and Vitaly Bogomolov and S{\o}ren Brandt and Carl Budtz-J{\o}rgensen and Castro-Tirado, {Alberto J.} and Sheng-Hsiung Chang and Yenyun Chang and Chen, {Chia Ray} and C.-W. Chen and Pisin Chen and Paul Connell and Chris Eyles and Georgii Gaikov and Gihan Hong and Huang, {Jian Jung} and Huang, {Ming-Huey Alfred} and Soomin Jeong and Jieun Kim and Jik Lee and Heuijin Lim and Chih-Yang Lin and Tsung-Che Liu and Jiwoo Nam and Mikhail Panasyuk and Vasily Petrov and Victor Reglero and Rodrigo, {Juana M.} and Sergey Svertilov and Nikolay Vedenkin and Wang, {Ming Zu} and Ivan Yashin",

note = "This article is an open access article distributed under the terms and conditions of the Creative Commons Attribution (CC BY) license (https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/).",

year = "2021",

doi = "10.3390/universe7110396",

language = "English",

volume = "7",

journal = "Universe",

issn = "2218-1997",

publisher = "Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute (MDPI)",

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Kim, M, Ripa, J, Park, IH, Bogomolov, V, Brandt, S , Budtz-Jørgensen, C, Castro-Tirado, AJ, Chang, S-H, Chang, Y, Chen, CR, Chen, C-W, Chen, P, Connell, P, Eyles, C, Gaikov, G, Hong, G, Huang, JJ, Huang, M-HA, Jeong, S, Kim, J, Lee, J, Lim, H, Lin, C-Y, Liu, T-C, Nam, J, Panasyuk, M, Petrov, V, Reglero, V, Rodrigo, JM, Svertilov, S, Vedenkin, N, Wang, MZ & Yashin, I 2021, 'Detection of Low-Energy X-rays Using YSO Scintillation Crystal Arrays for GRB Experiments', Universe, vol. 7, no. 11, 396. https://doi.org/10.3390/universe7110396

TY - JOUR

T1 - Detection of Low-Energy X-rays Using YSO Scintillation Crystal Arrays for GRB Experiments

AU - Kim, Minbin

AU - Ripa, Jakub

AU - Park, Il H.

AU - Bogomolov, Vitaly

AU - Brandt, Søren

AU - Budtz-Jørgensen, Carl

AU - Castro-Tirado, Alberto J.

AU - Chang, Sheng-Hsiung

AU - Chang, Yenyun

AU - Chen, Chia Ray

AU - Chen, C.-W.

AU - Chen, Pisin

AU - Connell, Paul

AU - Eyles, Chris

AU - Gaikov, Georgii

AU - Hong, Gihan

AU - Huang, Jian Jung

AU - Huang, Ming-Huey Alfred

AU - Jeong, Soomin

AU - Kim, Jieun

AU - Lee, Jik

AU - Lim, Heuijin

AU - Lin, Chih-Yang

AU - Liu, Tsung-Che

AU - Nam, Jiwoo

AU - Panasyuk, Mikhail

AU - Petrov, Vasily

AU - Reglero, Victor

AU - Rodrigo, Juana M.

AU - Svertilov, Sergey

AU - Vedenkin, Nikolay

AU - Wang, Ming Zu

AU - Yashin, Ivan

N1 - This article is an open access article distributed under the terms and conditions of the Creative Commons Attribution (CC BY) license (https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/).

PY - 2021

Y1 - 2021

N2 - We developed an X-ray detector using 36 arrays, each consisting of a 64-pixellated yttrium oxyorthosilicate (YSO) scintillation crystal and a 64-channel multi-anode photomultiplier tube. The X-ray detector was designed to detect X-rays with energies lower than 10 keV, primarily with the aim of localizing gamma-ray bursts (GRBs). YSO crystals have no intrinsic background, which is advantageous for increasing low-energy sensitivity. The fabricated detector was integrated into UBAT, the payload of the Ultra-Fast Flash Observatory (UFFO)/Lomonosov for GRB observation. The UFFO was successfully operated in space in a low-Earth orbit. In this paper, we present the responses of the X-ray detector of the UBAT engineering model identical to the flight model, using 241Am and 55Fe radioactive sources and an Amptek X-ray tube. We found that the X-ray detector can measure energies lower than 5 keV. As such, we expect YSO crystals to be good candidates for the X-ray detector materials for future GRB missions.

AB - We developed an X-ray detector using 36 arrays, each consisting of a 64-pixellated yttrium oxyorthosilicate (YSO) scintillation crystal and a 64-channel multi-anode photomultiplier tube. The X-ray detector was designed to detect X-rays with energies lower than 10 keV, primarily with the aim of localizing gamma-ray bursts (GRBs). YSO crystals have no intrinsic background, which is advantageous for increasing low-energy sensitivity. The fabricated detector was integrated into UBAT, the payload of the Ultra-Fast Flash Observatory (UFFO)/Lomonosov for GRB observation. The UFFO was successfully operated in space in a low-Earth orbit. In this paper, we present the responses of the X-ray detector of the UBAT engineering model identical to the flight model, using 241Am and 55Fe radioactive sources and an Amptek X-ray tube. We found that the X-ray detector can measure energies lower than 5 keV. As such, we expect YSO crystals to be good candidates for the X-ray detector materials for future GRB missions.

KW - Gamma-ray burst

KW - YSO

KW - UBAT

KW - UFFO

U2 - 10.3390/universe7110396

DO - 10.3390/universe7110396

M3 - Journal article

SN - 2218-1997

VL - 7

JO - Universe

JF - Universe

IS - 11

M1 - 396

ER -

Detection of Low-Energy X-rays Using YSO Scintillation Crystal Arrays for GRB Experiments

Abstract

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