Dense matter in neutron stars with eXTP

Ang Li; Anna L. Watts; Guobao Zhang; Sebastien Guillot; Yanjun Xu; Andrea Santangelo; Silvia Zane; Hua Feng; Shuang-Nan Zhang; Mingyu Ge; Liqiang Qi; Tuomo Salmi; Bas Dorsman; Zhiqiang Miao; Zhonghao Tu; Yuri Cavecchi; Xia Zhou; Xiaoping Zheng; Weihua Wang; Quan Cheng; Xuezhi Liu; Yining Wei; Wei Wang; Yujing Xu; Shanshan Weng; Weiwei Zhu; Zhaosheng Li; Lijing Shao; Youli Tuo; Akira Dohi; Ming Lyu; Peng Liu; Jianping Yuan; Mingyang Wang; Wenda Zhang; Zexi Li; Lian Tao; Liang Zhang; Hong Shen; Constança Providência; Laura Tolos; Alessandro Patruno; Li Li; Guozhu Liu; Kai Zhou; Lie-Wen Chen; Yizhong Fan; Toshitaka Kajino; Dong Lai; Xiangdong Li; Jie Meng; Xiaodong Tang; Zhigang Xiao; Shaolin Xiong; Renxin Xu; Shan-Gui Zhou; David R. Ballantyne; G. Fiorella Burgio; Jérôme Chenevez; Devarshi Choudhury; Anthea F. Fantina; Duncan K. Galloway; Francesca Gulminelli; Kai Hebeler; Mariska Hoogkamer; Jorge E. Horvath; Yves Kini; Aleksi Kurkela; Manuel Linares; Jérôme Margueron; Melissa Mendes; Micaela Oertel; Alessandro Papitto; Juri Poutanen; Nanda Rea; Achim Schwenk; Xin-Ying Song; Isak Svensson; David Tsang; Aleksi Vuorinen; Nils Andersson; M. Coleman Miller; Luciano Rezzolla; Jirina R. Stone; Anthony W. Thomas

doi:10.1007/s11433-025-2761-4

Dense matter in neutron stars with eXTP

Ang Li, Anna L. Watts, Guobao Zhang, Sebastien Guillot, Yanjun Xu, Andrea Santangelo, Silvia Zane, Hua Feng, Shuang-Nan Zhang, Mingyu Ge, Liqiang Qi, Tuomo Salmi, Bas Dorsman, Zhiqiang Miao, Zhonghao Tu, Yuri Cavecchi, Xia Zhou, Xiaoping Zheng, Weihua Wang, Quan ChengXuezhi Liu, Yining Wei, Wei Wang, Yujing Xu, Shanshan Weng, Weiwei Zhu, Zhaosheng Li, Lijing Shao, Youli Tuo, Akira Dohi, Ming Lyu, Peng Liu, Jianping Yuan, Mingyang Wang, Wenda Zhang, Zexi Li, Lian Tao, Liang Zhang, Hong Shen, Constança Providência, Laura Tolos, Alessandro Patruno, Li Li, Guozhu Liu, Kai Zhou, Lie-Wen Chen, Yizhong Fan, Toshitaka Kajino, Dong Lai, Xiangdong Li, Jie Meng, Xiaodong Tang, Zhigang Xiao, Shaolin Xiong, Renxin Xu, Shan-Gui Zhou, David R. Ballantyne, G. Fiorella Burgio, Jérôme Chenevez, Devarshi Choudhury, Anthea F. Fantina, Duncan K. Galloway, Francesca Gulminelli, Kai Hebeler, Mariska Hoogkamer, Jorge E. Horvath, Yves Kini, Aleksi Kurkela, Manuel Linares, Jérôme Margueron, Melissa Mendes, Micaela Oertel, Alessandro Papitto, Juri Poutanen, Nanda Rea, Achim Schwenk, Xin-Ying Song, Isak Svensson, David Tsang, Aleksi Vuorinen, Nils Andersson, M. Coleman Miller, Luciano Rezzolla, Jirina R. Stone, Anthony W. Thomas

Research output: Contribution to journal › Journal article › Research › peer-review

Abstract

In this white paper, we present the potential of the enhanced X-ray timing and polarimetry (eXTP) mission to constrain the equation of state of dense matter in neutron stars, exploring regimes not directly accessible to terrestrial experiments. By observing a diverse population of neutron stars—including isolated objects, X-ray bursters, and accreting systems—eXTP’s unique combination of timing, spectroscopy, and polarimetry enables high-precision measurements of compactness, spin, surface temperature, polarimetric signals, and timing irregularity. These multifaceted observations, combined with advances in theoretical modeling, pave the way toward a comprehensive description of the properties and phases of dense matter from the crust to the core of neutron stars. Under development by an international Consortium led by the Institute of High Energy Physics of the Chinese Academy of Sciences, the eXTP mission is planned to be launched in early 2030.

Original language	English
Article number	119503
Journal	Science China Physics, Mechanics and Astronomy
Volume	68
Issue number	11
Number of pages	42
ISSN	1869-1927
DOIs	https://doi.org/10.1007/s11433-025-2761-4
Publication status	Published - 2025

Keywords

Dense matter
Equation of state
X-rays
Neutron stars

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Li, A., Watts, A. L., Zhang, G., Guillot, S., Xu, Y., Santangelo, A., Zane, S., Feng, H., Zhang, S.-N., Ge, M., Qi, L., Salmi, T., Dorsman, B., Miao, Z., Tu, Z., Cavecchi, Y., Zhou, X., Zheng, X., Wang, W., ... Thomas, A. W. (2025). Dense matter in neutron stars with eXTP. Science China Physics, Mechanics and Astronomy, 68(11), Article 119503. https://doi.org/10.1007/s11433-025-2761-4

@article{b4586ad517d64435b364499297f2dfe9,

title = "Dense matter in neutron stars with eXTP",

abstract = "In this white paper, we present the potential of the enhanced X-ray timing and polarimetry (eXTP) mission to constrain the equation of state of dense matter in neutron stars, exploring regimes not directly accessible to terrestrial experiments. By observing a diverse population of neutron stars—including isolated objects, X-ray bursters, and accreting systems—eXTP{\textquoteright}s unique combination of timing, spectroscopy, and polarimetry enables high-precision measurements of compactness, spin, surface temperature, polarimetric signals, and timing irregularity. These multifaceted observations, combined with advances in theoretical modeling, pave the way toward a comprehensive description of the properties and phases of dense matter from the crust to the core of neutron stars. Under development by an international Consortium led by the Institute of High Energy Physics of the Chinese Academy of Sciences, the eXTP mission is planned to be launched in early 2030.",

keywords = "Dense matter, Equation of state, X-rays, Neutron stars",

author = "Ang Li and Watts, \{Anna L.\} and Guobao Zhang and Sebastien Guillot and Yanjun Xu and Andrea Santangelo and Silvia Zane and Hua Feng and Shuang-Nan Zhang and Mingyu Ge and Liqiang Qi and Tuomo Salmi and Bas Dorsman and Zhiqiang Miao and Zhonghao Tu and Yuri Cavecchi and Xia Zhou and Xiaoping Zheng and Weihua Wang and Quan Cheng and Xuezhi Liu and Yining Wei and Wei Wang and Yujing Xu and Shanshan Weng and Weiwei Zhu and Zhaosheng Li and Lijing Shao and Youli Tuo and Akira Dohi and Ming Lyu and Peng Liu and Jianping Yuan and Mingyang Wang and Wenda Zhang and Zexi Li and Lian Tao and Liang Zhang and Hong Shen and Constan{\c c}a Provid{\^e}ncia and Laura Tolos and Alessandro Patruno and Li Li and Guozhu Liu and Kai Zhou and Lie-Wen Chen and Yizhong Fan and Toshitaka Kajino and Dong Lai and Xiangdong Li and Jie Meng and Xiaodong Tang and Zhigang Xiao and Shaolin Xiong and Renxin Xu and Shan-Gui Zhou and Ballantyne, \{David R.\} and Burgio, \{G. Fiorella\} and J{\'e}r{\^o}me Chenevez and Devarshi Choudhury and Fantina, \{Anthea F.\} and Galloway, \{Duncan K.\} and Francesca Gulminelli and Kai Hebeler and Mariska Hoogkamer and Horvath, \{Jorge E.\} and Yves Kini and Aleksi Kurkela and Manuel Linares and J{\'e}r{\^o}me Margueron and Melissa Mendes and Micaela Oertel and Alessandro Papitto and Juri Poutanen and Nanda Rea and Achim Schwenk and Xin-Ying Song and Isak Svensson and David Tsang and Aleksi Vuorinen and Nils Andersson and Miller, \{M. Coleman\} and Luciano Rezzolla and Stone, \{Jirina R.\} and Thomas, \{Anthony W.\}",

year = "2025",

doi = "10.1007/s11433-025-2761-4",

language = "English",

volume = "68",

journal = "Science China Physics, Mechanics and Astronomy",

issn = "1869-1927",

publisher = "Springer",

number = "11",

}

Li, A, Watts, AL, Zhang, G, Guillot, S, Xu, Y, Santangelo, A, Zane, S, Feng, H, Zhang, S-N, Ge, M, Qi, L, Salmi, T, Dorsman, B, Miao, Z, Tu, Z, Cavecchi, Y, Zhou, X, Zheng, X, Wang, W, Cheng, Q, Liu, X, Wei, Y, Wang, W, Xu, Y, Weng, S, Zhu, W, Li, Z, Shao, L, Tuo, Y, Dohi, A, Lyu, M, Liu, P, Yuan, J, Wang, M, Zhang, W, Li, Z, Tao, L, Zhang, L, Shen, H, Providência, C, Tolos, L, Patruno, A, Li, L, Liu, G, Zhou, K, Chen, L-W, Fan, Y, Kajino, T, Lai, D, Li, X, Meng, J, Tang, X, Xiao, Z, Xiong, S, Xu, R, Zhou, S-G, Ballantyne, DR, Burgio, GF, Chenevez, J, Choudhury, D, Fantina, AF, Galloway, DK, Gulminelli, F, Hebeler, K, Hoogkamer, M, Horvath, JE, Kini, Y, Kurkela, A, Linares, M, Margueron, J, Mendes, M, Oertel, M, Papitto, A, Poutanen, J, Rea, N, Schwenk, A, Song, X-Y, Svensson, I, Tsang, D, Vuorinen, A, Andersson, N, Miller, MC, Rezzolla, L, Stone, JR & Thomas, AW 2025, 'Dense matter in neutron stars with eXTP', Science China Physics, Mechanics and Astronomy, vol. 68, no. 11, 119503. https://doi.org/10.1007/s11433-025-2761-4

TY - JOUR

T1 - Dense matter in neutron stars with eXTP

AU - Li, Ang

AU - Watts, Anna L.

AU - Zhang, Guobao

AU - Guillot, Sebastien

AU - Xu, Yanjun

AU - Santangelo, Andrea

AU - Zane, Silvia

AU - Feng, Hua

AU - Zhang, Shuang-Nan

AU - Ge, Mingyu

AU - Qi, Liqiang

AU - Salmi, Tuomo

AU - Dorsman, Bas

AU - Miao, Zhiqiang

AU - Tu, Zhonghao

AU - Cavecchi, Yuri

AU - Zhou, Xia

AU - Zheng, Xiaoping

AU - Wang, Weihua

AU - Cheng, Quan

AU - Liu, Xuezhi

AU - Wei, Yining

AU - Wang, Wei

AU - Xu, Yujing

AU - Weng, Shanshan

AU - Zhu, Weiwei

AU - Li, Zhaosheng

AU - Shao, Lijing

AU - Tuo, Youli

AU - Dohi, Akira

AU - Lyu, Ming

AU - Liu, Peng

AU - Yuan, Jianping

AU - Wang, Mingyang

AU - Zhang, Wenda

AU - Li, Zexi

AU - Tao, Lian

AU - Zhang, Liang

AU - Shen, Hong

AU - Providência, Constança

AU - Tolos, Laura

AU - Patruno, Alessandro

AU - Li, Li

AU - Liu, Guozhu

AU - Zhou, Kai

AU - Chen, Lie-Wen

AU - Fan, Yizhong

AU - Kajino, Toshitaka

AU - Lai, Dong

AU - Li, Xiangdong

AU - Meng, Jie

AU - Tang, Xiaodong

AU - Xiao, Zhigang

AU - Xiong, Shaolin

AU - Xu, Renxin

AU - Zhou, Shan-Gui

AU - Ballantyne, David R.

AU - Burgio, G. Fiorella

AU - Chenevez, Jérôme

AU - Choudhury, Devarshi

AU - Fantina, Anthea F.

AU - Galloway, Duncan K.

AU - Gulminelli, Francesca

AU - Hebeler, Kai

AU - Hoogkamer, Mariska

AU - Horvath, Jorge E.

AU - Kini, Yves

AU - Kurkela, Aleksi

AU - Linares, Manuel

AU - Margueron, Jérôme

AU - Mendes, Melissa

AU - Oertel, Micaela

AU - Papitto, Alessandro

AU - Poutanen, Juri

AU - Rea, Nanda

AU - Schwenk, Achim

AU - Song, Xin-Ying

AU - Svensson, Isak

AU - Tsang, David

AU - Vuorinen, Aleksi

AU - Andersson, Nils

AU - Miller, M. Coleman

AU - Rezzolla, Luciano

AU - Stone, Jirina R.

AU - Thomas, Anthony W.

PY - 2025

Y1 - 2025

N2 - In this white paper, we present the potential of the enhanced X-ray timing and polarimetry (eXTP) mission to constrain the equation of state of dense matter in neutron stars, exploring regimes not directly accessible to terrestrial experiments. By observing a diverse population of neutron stars—including isolated objects, X-ray bursters, and accreting systems—eXTP’s unique combination of timing, spectroscopy, and polarimetry enables high-precision measurements of compactness, spin, surface temperature, polarimetric signals, and timing irregularity. These multifaceted observations, combined with advances in theoretical modeling, pave the way toward a comprehensive description of the properties and phases of dense matter from the crust to the core of neutron stars. Under development by an international Consortium led by the Institute of High Energy Physics of the Chinese Academy of Sciences, the eXTP mission is planned to be launched in early 2030.

AB - In this white paper, we present the potential of the enhanced X-ray timing and polarimetry (eXTP) mission to constrain the equation of state of dense matter in neutron stars, exploring regimes not directly accessible to terrestrial experiments. By observing a diverse population of neutron stars—including isolated objects, X-ray bursters, and accreting systems—eXTP’s unique combination of timing, spectroscopy, and polarimetry enables high-precision measurements of compactness, spin, surface temperature, polarimetric signals, and timing irregularity. These multifaceted observations, combined with advances in theoretical modeling, pave the way toward a comprehensive description of the properties and phases of dense matter from the crust to the core of neutron stars. Under development by an international Consortium led by the Institute of High Energy Physics of the Chinese Academy of Sciences, the eXTP mission is planned to be launched in early 2030.

KW - Dense matter

KW - Equation of state

KW - X-rays

KW - Neutron stars

U2 - 10.1007/s11433-025-2761-4

DO - 10.1007/s11433-025-2761-4

M3 - Journal article

SN - 1869-1927

VL - 68

JO - Science China Physics, Mechanics and Astronomy

JF - Science China Physics, Mechanics and Astronomy

IS - 11

M1 - 119503

ER -

Dense matter in neutron stars with eXTP

Abstract

Keywords

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