Demonstration of a Technology Neutral Control Architecture for Providing Frequency Control Using Unidirectional Charging of Electric Vehicles

This paper demonstrates a control strategy for providing primary frequency regulation from electric vehicles using unidirectional charging. The control architecture developed is tested and deployed in multiple locations using both commercial and test chargers relying on IEC 61851 communication with commercially available electric vehicles. The tests are conducted in a university campus area using commercial chargers and at a test-site at the Danish island of Bornholm. The results from Lyngby shows that the control architecture is able to control the charging of multiple unknown electric vehicles simultaneously in order to provide aggregated primary frequency regulation according to the tender requirements of the Danish Transmission System Operator, Energinet, for the Nordic region DK-2. The results from Bornholm shows a faster response of the control architecture, as the communication flow is optimized and the overall response time is lowered.