Abstract
This deliverable D6.5 outlines the replication action plans based on the results of the demonstration activities performed in UC4 and UC5 within the Lighthouse Island Bornholm. UC4 investigated the transition to DC microgrids, while UC5 focuses on local bio-based economies supporting the electrical, thermal, and transport systems.
The island of Bornholm anticipates a substantial increase in electric vehicles (EVs), projected to grow from the current 350 EVs (2022) to 5600 EVs by 2030, and 28,000 EVs by 2050. To meet the rising charging demand in the upcoming years, a sufficient network of public charging infrastructure is required. While the demand for high-power chargers (> 100 kW) in Bornholm is comparatively lower than in other Danish municipalities, the island will still require three high-power chargers by 2030, 16 by 2040, and 21 by 2050. UC 4 focused on the demonstration of a DC microgrid comprising a 314 kWh battery system, two connectors for EV high-power charging at 175 kW each, a 61 kWp PV installation, and an inverter serving as an interface to the local 43 kW distribution grid. Deliverable D6.5 summarizes key insights from more than one year of operation with this Hybrid Charging System (HCS) and evaluates the performance based on various key performance indicators (KPIs). Subsequently, a replication study for UC4 is conducted that projects the deployment of multiple HCSs across the island to meet the targets for public high-power chargers. The replication plan of UC4 will ultimately increase the PV capacity installed in Bornholm’s HCSs by 1.3 MW by 2050, generating 1.4 GWh of renewable energy annually. The integrated batteries in the HCSs play a crucial role, providing a total storage capacity of 6.6 MWh. This storage capacity enables the utilization of 58 % of the PV energy directly for EV charging, with the surplus being exported to the grid. Furthermore, the batteries facilitate the seamless integration of high-power chargers into Bornholm's distribution network, eliminating the need for upgrades to the existing grid infrastructure. In comparison with conventional gas stations for ICE vehicles, the HCS solution substantially reduces CO2 emissions by 94 % in the year 2030, and by 98 % in the year 2050. Hence, the HCS demonstrated in UC4 emerges as a key solution on the journey to sustainable transportation on Bornholm.
The aim of UC5 is to demonstrate the functioning of a renewable-based virtual power plant (VPP) to successfully coordinate different energy sectors (electricity, heat, gas, transport). The key findings of the demonstration activities in small scale at the 60/10 kV substation of Aakirkeby revolve around the controllability of RES units, the untapped potential of biogas and biogas plant processes, as well as the valuable role of hydrogen assets for Bornholm’s power system. Consequently, the work presented in this deliverable aims at simulating distinct steps for Bornholm’s energy system future to reach full decarbonization. These replication action plans involve the integration of renewable generation capacity, enhancing biogas capabilities and e-fuel, as well as the local integration of the Baltic Energy Island which is currently under development. The scenarios explore ongoing energy system developments, underlining the need for flexibility, sector coupling and storage options. Specifically, these scenarios detail RES upscaling, the transition to 100% EV penetration, waste heat utilization of power-to-X facilities and district heating network integration. A common result from all the simulated scenarios is that flexible (demand-side) assets are necessary in reducing curtailment (especially in case of limited interconnection to the mainland), while also highlighting that flexibility needs to compensate efficiently for lower operating hours of individual assets. As different developments might have contradictory effects on the island’s energy system, the design must carefully consider future plans to avoid stranded assets and bridging solutions. Furthermore, this report compares simulation results from the existing Bornholm Energy System Model and the Investment Planning Tool (IPT), developed within INSULAE, showcasing their distinct characteristics. The promising potential of the IPT is acknowledged, yet further exploration and finetuning might be necessary to fully exploit its capabilities in planning and analysis.
The lessons learned, action plans and simulation results outlined in this deliverable provide a clear roadmap for stakeholders and policymakers on the impact of individual interventions on Bornholm’s energy system.
The island of Bornholm anticipates a substantial increase in electric vehicles (EVs), projected to grow from the current 350 EVs (2022) to 5600 EVs by 2030, and 28,000 EVs by 2050. To meet the rising charging demand in the upcoming years, a sufficient network of public charging infrastructure is required. While the demand for high-power chargers (> 100 kW) in Bornholm is comparatively lower than in other Danish municipalities, the island will still require three high-power chargers by 2030, 16 by 2040, and 21 by 2050. UC 4 focused on the demonstration of a DC microgrid comprising a 314 kWh battery system, two connectors for EV high-power charging at 175 kW each, a 61 kWp PV installation, and an inverter serving as an interface to the local 43 kW distribution grid. Deliverable D6.5 summarizes key insights from more than one year of operation with this Hybrid Charging System (HCS) and evaluates the performance based on various key performance indicators (KPIs). Subsequently, a replication study for UC4 is conducted that projects the deployment of multiple HCSs across the island to meet the targets for public high-power chargers. The replication plan of UC4 will ultimately increase the PV capacity installed in Bornholm’s HCSs by 1.3 MW by 2050, generating 1.4 GWh of renewable energy annually. The integrated batteries in the HCSs play a crucial role, providing a total storage capacity of 6.6 MWh. This storage capacity enables the utilization of 58 % of the PV energy directly for EV charging, with the surplus being exported to the grid. Furthermore, the batteries facilitate the seamless integration of high-power chargers into Bornholm's distribution network, eliminating the need for upgrades to the existing grid infrastructure. In comparison with conventional gas stations for ICE vehicles, the HCS solution substantially reduces CO2 emissions by 94 % in the year 2030, and by 98 % in the year 2050. Hence, the HCS demonstrated in UC4 emerges as a key solution on the journey to sustainable transportation on Bornholm.
The aim of UC5 is to demonstrate the functioning of a renewable-based virtual power plant (VPP) to successfully coordinate different energy sectors (electricity, heat, gas, transport). The key findings of the demonstration activities in small scale at the 60/10 kV substation of Aakirkeby revolve around the controllability of RES units, the untapped potential of biogas and biogas plant processes, as well as the valuable role of hydrogen assets for Bornholm’s power system. Consequently, the work presented in this deliverable aims at simulating distinct steps for Bornholm’s energy system future to reach full decarbonization. These replication action plans involve the integration of renewable generation capacity, enhancing biogas capabilities and e-fuel, as well as the local integration of the Baltic Energy Island which is currently under development. The scenarios explore ongoing energy system developments, underlining the need for flexibility, sector coupling and storage options. Specifically, these scenarios detail RES upscaling, the transition to 100% EV penetration, waste heat utilization of power-to-X facilities and district heating network integration. A common result from all the simulated scenarios is that flexible (demand-side) assets are necessary in reducing curtailment (especially in case of limited interconnection to the mainland), while also highlighting that flexibility needs to compensate efficiently for lower operating hours of individual assets. As different developments might have contradictory effects on the island’s energy system, the design must carefully consider future plans to avoid stranded assets and bridging solutions. Furthermore, this report compares simulation results from the existing Bornholm Energy System Model and the Investment Planning Tool (IPT), developed within INSULAE, showcasing their distinct characteristics. The promising potential of the IPT is acknowledged, yet further exploration and finetuning might be necessary to fully exploit its capabilities in planning and analysis.
The lessons learned, action plans and simulation results outlined in this deliverable provide a clear roadmap for stakeholders and policymakers on the impact of individual interventions on Bornholm’s energy system.
| Original language | English |
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| Publisher | INSULAE |
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| Number of pages | 58 |
| Publication status | Published - 2023 |
