TY - BOOK
T1 - Current Mode Data Converters for Sensor Systems
AU - Jørgensen, Ivan Herald Holger
PY - 1997
Y1 - 1997
N2 - This thesis is mainly concerned with data conversion. Especially
data conversion using current mode signal processing is treated.A
tutorial chapter introducing D/A conversion is presented. In this
chapter the effects that cause static and dynamic nonlinearities
are discussed along with methods to reduce these. A novel measure
called the 'error energy measure' is presented. This measure is
very helpful in the design phase as it evaluates the dynamic
performance of a DAC without performing long term simulations. A
thorough analysis of the stability of 1-bit oversampled data
converters is presented. Also, a methodology for designing the
feedback filter in oversampled data converters is presented.
Finally, the effect of nonideal effects in oversampled converters
is investigated.Switched current (SI) technique is briefly
presented at the system level and transistor level. A thorough
analysis of noise in SI is presented which leads to a new
optimization methodology for SI. The optimization methodology
minimizes the power consumption for a given performance (SNR and
THD). The optimization methodology also takes process variations
into account.Six chips have been implemented based on the theory
in the thesis. An analog multiplierless adaptive filter that
estimates the delay in a microflow channel is implemented using SI
technique. A thorough analysis shows that this methodology results
in a system that is invariant to nonlinearities in the flow
channel and in the signal conditioner preceeding the adaptive
filter. This is utilized to quantize the input signals to the
adaptive filter into one bit, which means that all multipliers can
be replaced by switches and thus the hardware complexity is
significantly reduced.Three high speed DACs based on the current
steering principle are implemented using a 0.8 micron BiCMOS
process. The performance of the first DAC presented is a SFDR of
43dB for a generated frequency of approximately 30MHz and at a
sampling rate of 100MSamples/s. The SFDR is 50dB for a generated
frequency of approximately 10MHz. The maximum conversion rate is
140MSamples/s. The second DAC performs slightly poorer than the
first one and the third DAC does not operate properly.A third
order SI A/D Sigma-Delta modulator is presented. A thorough
analysis is presented that shows that the design of the modulator
at the system level and the SI building blocks at the transistor
level must be treated as a whole. It is shown that an optimal
choice of modulator architecture exists with respect to power
consumption. A thorough noise analysis is presented and the power
consumption for the modulator is minimized using the optimization
methodology developed for SI circuits. The modulator has a SNR of
74.5dB for a signal bandwidth of 5.5kHz and a sampling rate of
600kHz. The modulator does not enter uncontrolled oscillations
when input amplitudes higher than the maximum stable amplitude are
applied due to the clamping in the SI integrators in the
modulator. This also means that the modulator enters a steady
state when the large input amplitude is removed.Finally, a SI
delay line consisting of 12 cascaded CCOPs has been processed to
verify the noise analysis for the SI circuits presented. The power
spectral density for the circuit is calculated and verified by
measurements. In order to distinguish the power of the sampled and
held noise from all other noise sources, a new measurement
technique is presented. Using this technique it is found that the
measured power spectral density of the sampled noise corresponds
very well with the expected power spectral density.
AB - This thesis is mainly concerned with data conversion. Especially
data conversion using current mode signal processing is treated.A
tutorial chapter introducing D/A conversion is presented. In this
chapter the effects that cause static and dynamic nonlinearities
are discussed along with methods to reduce these. A novel measure
called the 'error energy measure' is presented. This measure is
very helpful in the design phase as it evaluates the dynamic
performance of a DAC without performing long term simulations. A
thorough analysis of the stability of 1-bit oversampled data
converters is presented. Also, a methodology for designing the
feedback filter in oversampled data converters is presented.
Finally, the effect of nonideal effects in oversampled converters
is investigated.Switched current (SI) technique is briefly
presented at the system level and transistor level. A thorough
analysis of noise in SI is presented which leads to a new
optimization methodology for SI. The optimization methodology
minimizes the power consumption for a given performance (SNR and
THD). The optimization methodology also takes process variations
into account.Six chips have been implemented based on the theory
in the thesis. An analog multiplierless adaptive filter that
estimates the delay in a microflow channel is implemented using SI
technique. A thorough analysis shows that this methodology results
in a system that is invariant to nonlinearities in the flow
channel and in the signal conditioner preceeding the adaptive
filter. This is utilized to quantize the input signals to the
adaptive filter into one bit, which means that all multipliers can
be replaced by switches and thus the hardware complexity is
significantly reduced.Three high speed DACs based on the current
steering principle are implemented using a 0.8 micron BiCMOS
process. The performance of the first DAC presented is a SFDR of
43dB for a generated frequency of approximately 30MHz and at a
sampling rate of 100MSamples/s. The SFDR is 50dB for a generated
frequency of approximately 10MHz. The maximum conversion rate is
140MSamples/s. The second DAC performs slightly poorer than the
first one and the third DAC does not operate properly.A third
order SI A/D Sigma-Delta modulator is presented. A thorough
analysis is presented that shows that the design of the modulator
at the system level and the SI building blocks at the transistor
level must be treated as a whole. It is shown that an optimal
choice of modulator architecture exists with respect to power
consumption. A thorough noise analysis is presented and the power
consumption for the modulator is minimized using the optimization
methodology developed for SI circuits. The modulator has a SNR of
74.5dB for a signal bandwidth of 5.5kHz and a sampling rate of
600kHz. The modulator does not enter uncontrolled oscillations
when input amplitudes higher than the maximum stable amplitude are
applied due to the clamping in the SI integrators in the
modulator. This also means that the modulator enters a steady
state when the large input amplitude is removed.Finally, a SI
delay line consisting of 12 cascaded CCOPs has been processed to
verify the noise analysis for the SI circuits presented. The power
spectral density for the circuit is calculated and verified by
measurements. In order to distinguish the power of the sampled and
held noise from all other noise sources, a new measurement
technique is presented. Using this technique it is found that the
measured power spectral density of the sampled noise corresponds
very well with the expected power spectral density.
M3 - Book
BT - Current Mode Data Converters for Sensor Systems
PB - Department of Information Technology, Technical University of
Denmark
CY - Lyngby
ER -