Current-induced forces: a simple derivation

Tchavdar N. Todorov, Daniel Dundas, Jing-Tao Lü, Mads Brandbyge, Per Hedegård

Research output: Contribution to journalJournal articleResearchpeer-review

Abstract

We revisit the problem of forces on atoms under current in nanoscale conductors. We derive and discuss the five principal kinds of force under steady-state conditions from a simple standpoint that-with the help of background literature-should be accessible to physics undergraduates. The discussion aims at combining methodology with an emphasis on the underlying physics through examples. We discuss and compare two forces present only under current-the non-conservative electron wind force and a Lorentz-like velocity-dependent force. It is shown that in metallic nanowires both display significant features at the wire surface, making it a candidate for the nucleation of current-driven structural transformations and failure. Finally we discuss the problem of force noise and the limitations of Ehrenfest dynamics.
Original languageEnglish
JournalEuropean Physical Journal: Special Topics
Volume35
Issue number6
Pages (from-to)065004
Number of pages1
ISSN1951-6355
DOIs
Publication statusPublished - 2014

Keywords

  • Atomic-scale conductors
  • Current-induced forces
  • Electron–nuclear dynamics

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