Complete genes may pass from food to human blood

Sándor Spisák; Norbert Solymosi; Péter Ittzés; András Bodor; Dániel Kondor; Gábor Vattay; Barbara K Barták; Ferenc Sipos; Orsolya Galamb; Zsolt Tulassay; Zoltán Szállási; Simon Rasmussen; Thomas Sicheritz-Ponten; Søren Brunak; Béla Molnár; István Csabai

doi:10.1371/journal.pone.0069805

Complete genes may pass from food to human blood

Sándor Spisák
, Norbert Solymosi
, Péter Ittzés
, András Bodor
, Dániel Kondor
, Gábor Vattay
, Barbara K Barták
, Ferenc Sipos
, Orsolya Galamb
, Zsolt Tulassay
, Zoltán Szállási
, Simon Rasmussen
, Thomas Sicheritz-Ponten
, Søren Brunak
, Béla Molnár
, István Csabai

Hungarian Academy of Sciences
Eötvös Loránd University
Semmelweis University
Massachusetts General Hospital/Harvard Medical School
Johns Hopkins University

Research output: Contribution to journal › Journal article › Research › peer-review

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Abstract

Our bloodstream is considered to be an environment well separated from the outside world and the digestive tract. According to the standard paradigm large macromolecules consumed with food cannot pass directly to the circulatory system. During digestion proteins and DNA are thought to be degraded into small constituents, amino acids and nucleic acids, respectively, and then absorbed by a complex active process and distributed to various parts of the body through the circulation system. Here, based on the analysis of over 1000 human samples from four independent studies, we report evidence that meal-derived DNA fragments which are large enough to carry complete genes can avoid degradation and through an unknown mechanism enter the human circulation system. In one of the blood samples the relative concentration of plant DNA is higher than the human DNA. The plant DNA concentration shows a surprisingly precise log-normal distribution in the plasma samples while non-plasma (cord blood) control sample was found to be free of plant DNA.

Original language	English
Article number	e69805
Journal	PloS one.
Volume	8
Issue number	7
Pages (from-to)	11
ISSN	1932-6203
DOIs	https://doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0069805
Publication status	Published - 2013

Bibliographical note

2013 Spisak et al. This is an open-access article distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution License, which permits unrestricted use, distribution, and reproduction in any medium, provided the original author and source are credited.

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title = "Complete genes may pass from food to human blood",

abstract = "Our bloodstream is considered to be an environment well separated from the outside world and the digestive tract. According to the standard paradigm large macromolecules consumed with food cannot pass directly to the circulatory system. During digestion proteins and DNA are thought to be degraded into small constituents, amino acids and nucleic acids, respectively, and then absorbed by a complex active process and distributed to various parts of the body through the circulation system. Here, based on the analysis of over 1000 human samples from four independent studies, we report evidence that meal-derived DNA fragments which are large enough to carry complete genes can avoid degradation and through an unknown mechanism enter the human circulation system. In one of the blood samples the relative concentration of plant DNA is higher than the human DNA. The plant DNA concentration shows a surprisingly precise log-normal distribution in the plasma samples while non-plasma (cord blood) control sample was found to be free of plant DNA.",

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note = " 2013 Spisak et al. This is an open-access article distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution License, which permits unrestricted use, distribution, and reproduction in any medium, provided the original author and source are credited.",

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T1 - Complete genes may pass from food to human blood

AU - Spisák, Sándor

AU - Solymosi, Norbert

AU - Ittzés, Péter

AU - Bodor, András

AU - Kondor, Dániel

AU - Vattay, Gábor

AU - Barták, Barbara K

AU - Sipos, Ferenc

AU - Galamb, Orsolya

AU - Tulassay, Zsolt

AU - Szállási, Zoltán

AU - Rasmussen, Simon

AU - Sicheritz-Ponten, Thomas

AU - Brunak, Søren

AU - Molnár, Béla

AU - Csabai, István

N1 - 2013 Spisak et al. This is an open-access article distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution License, which permits unrestricted use, distribution, and reproduction in any medium, provided the original author and source are credited.

PY - 2013

Y1 - 2013

N2 - Our bloodstream is considered to be an environment well separated from the outside world and the digestive tract. According to the standard paradigm large macromolecules consumed with food cannot pass directly to the circulatory system. During digestion proteins and DNA are thought to be degraded into small constituents, amino acids and nucleic acids, respectively, and then absorbed by a complex active process and distributed to various parts of the body through the circulation system. Here, based on the analysis of over 1000 human samples from four independent studies, we report evidence that meal-derived DNA fragments which are large enough to carry complete genes can avoid degradation and through an unknown mechanism enter the human circulation system. In one of the blood samples the relative concentration of plant DNA is higher than the human DNA. The plant DNA concentration shows a surprisingly precise log-normal distribution in the plasma samples while non-plasma (cord blood) control sample was found to be free of plant DNA.

AB - Our bloodstream is considered to be an environment well separated from the outside world and the digestive tract. According to the standard paradigm large macromolecules consumed with food cannot pass directly to the circulatory system. During digestion proteins and DNA are thought to be degraded into small constituents, amino acids and nucleic acids, respectively, and then absorbed by a complex active process and distributed to various parts of the body through the circulation system. Here, based on the analysis of over 1000 human samples from four independent studies, we report evidence that meal-derived DNA fragments which are large enough to carry complete genes can avoid degradation and through an unknown mechanism enter the human circulation system. In one of the blood samples the relative concentration of plant DNA is higher than the human DNA. The plant DNA concentration shows a surprisingly precise log-normal distribution in the plasma samples while non-plasma (cord blood) control sample was found to be free of plant DNA.

U2 - 10.1371/journal.pone.0069805

DO - 10.1371/journal.pone.0069805

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SN - 1932-6203

VL - 8

SP - 11

JO - PloS one.

JF - PloS one.

IS - 7

M1 - e69805

ER -

Complete genes may pass from food to human blood

Abstract

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