TY - JOUR
T1 - Complement activation by PEG-functionalized multi-walled carbon nanotubes is independent of PEG molecular mass and surface density
AU - Andersen, Alina Joukainen
AU - Windschiegl, Barbara
AU - Ilbasmis-Tamer, Sibel
AU - Degim, Ismail T.
AU - Hunter, Alan Christy
AU - Andresen, Thomas L.
AU - Moghimi, Seyed Moein
PY - 2013
Y1 - 2013
N2 - Carboxylated (4%) multi-walled carbon nanotubes were covalently functionalized with poly(ethylene glycol)1000 (PEG1000), PEG1500 and PEG4000 with a PEG loading of approximately 11% in all cases. PEG loading generated non-uniform and heterogeneous higher surface structures and increased nanotube width considerably, but all PEGylated nanotube species activated the complement system in human serum equally. Increased PEG loading, through adsorption of methoxyPEG2000(or 5000)-phospholipid conjugates, generated fewer complement activation products; however, complement activation was never completely eliminated. Our observations address the difficulty in making carbon nanotubes more compatible with innate immunity through covalent PEG functionalization as well as double PEGylation strategies. From the Clinical EditorComplement-mediated toxicity is a major limiting factor in certain nanomedicine applications. This study clarifies that PEGylation of carbon nanotubes is unlikely to address this complication.
AB - Carboxylated (4%) multi-walled carbon nanotubes were covalently functionalized with poly(ethylene glycol)1000 (PEG1000), PEG1500 and PEG4000 with a PEG loading of approximately 11% in all cases. PEG loading generated non-uniform and heterogeneous higher surface structures and increased nanotube width considerably, but all PEGylated nanotube species activated the complement system in human serum equally. Increased PEG loading, through adsorption of methoxyPEG2000(or 5000)-phospholipid conjugates, generated fewer complement activation products; however, complement activation was never completely eliminated. Our observations address the difficulty in making carbon nanotubes more compatible with innate immunity through covalent PEG functionalization as well as double PEGylation strategies. From the Clinical EditorComplement-mediated toxicity is a major limiting factor in certain nanomedicine applications. This study clarifies that PEGylation of carbon nanotubes is unlikely to address this complication.
KW - Atomic force microscope
KW - Carbon nanotubes
KW - Complement system
KW - Innate immunity
KW - Poly(ethylene glycol)
U2 - 10.1016/j.nano.2013.01.011
DO - 10.1016/j.nano.2013.01.011
M3 - Journal article
C2 - 23434678
SN - 1549-9634
VL - 9
SP - 469
EP - 473
JO - Nanomedicine: Nanotechnology, Biology and Medicine
JF - Nanomedicine: Nanotechnology, Biology and Medicine
IS - 4
ER -