Complement activation by PEG-functionalized multi-walled carbon nanotubes is independent of PEG molecular mass and surface density

Alina Joukainen Andersen, Barbara Windschiegl, Sibel Ilbasmis-Tamer, Ismail T. Degim, Alan Christy Hunter, Thomas L. Andresen, Seyed Moein Moghimi

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    Abstract

    Carboxylated (4%) multi-walled carbon nanotubes were covalently functionalized with poly(ethylene glycol)1000 (PEG1000), PEG1500 and PEG4000 with a PEG loading of approximately 11% in all cases. PEG loading generated non-uniform and heterogeneous higher surface structures and increased nanotube width considerably, but all PEGylated nanotube species activated the complement system in human serum equally. Increased PEG loading, through adsorption of methoxyPEG2000(or 5000)-phospholipid conjugates, generated fewer complement activation products; however, complement activation was never completely eliminated. Our observations address the difficulty in making carbon nanotubes more compatible with innate immunity through covalent PEG functionalization as well as double PEGylation strategies. From the Clinical EditorComplement-mediated toxicity is a major limiting factor in certain nanomedicine applications. This study clarifies that PEGylation of carbon nanotubes is unlikely to address this complication.
    Original languageEnglish
    JournalNanomedicine: Nanotechnology, Biology and Medicine
    Volume9
    Issue number4
    Pages (from-to)469-473
    ISSN1549-9634
    DOIs
    Publication statusPublished - 2013

    Keywords

    • Atomic force microscope
    • Carbon nanotubes
    • Complement system
    • Innate immunity
    • Poly(ethylene glycol)

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