Comparison of 2- and 3-compartment electrodialytic remediation cells for oil polluted soil from northwest Russia

Electrodialytic remediation is a method based on electrokinetics, in which an electric field of low intensity increases the availability of pollutants in solid waste materials. The electric field induces processes that mobilise and transport inorganic and organic pollutants. The transport of ions in the electrodialytic cell is controlled by employing ion-exchange membranes, allowing separation of the electrodes from the solids. In this study, using a two cell design, electrodialytic experiments were conducted to compare remediation of a heavily oil-polluted soil from Arkhangelsk, Russia. The 2-compartment cell has not previously been employed for electrodialytic removal of organic pollutants and was tested along with the traditional 3-compartment design. The influence of experimental variables (current density, remediation time, stirring and light) and settings on the two cell designs was investigated. The highest removal (77%) of total hydrocarbons (THC) was observed in the 3-compartment cell at high current density (0.68 mA/cm2), longer remediation time (28 days), stirring and exposure to daylight. High current density and stirring increased the removal efficiencies in both cell designs. Within the studied experimental domain, the removal efficiencies in the 3-compartment cell (10-77%) were, however, higher than those observed in the 2-compartment cell (0-38%).