‘Closed Open Innovation’ or ‘Openly Closed Innovation’ – Which way is for world-first innovations?

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    Abstract

    ‘Open innovation’ strategy suggests the purposive use of knowledge inflows and outflows to accelerate internal innovation, and expand the markets for external use of innovation. The literature on ‘open innovation’ tends to agree that there are two dimensions of R&D projects can be used to evaluate their openness: (1) how much it relies on external knowledge resources; and (2) if it is internally or externally developed. To date, the literature on ‘open innovation’ has neither deliberated theoretically on nor tested empirically the effects of these two dimensions simultaneously in relation to innovation outcome measures. Therefore, the aim of this paper is to fill in this research gap in both theory and empirics. My typology is theoretically based on the Schumpeterian innovation types (Mark I and Mark II) on the one hand and the rich literature on firms’ external knowledge searching on the other hand. The Closed Open Innovation refers to those innovations that are internally developed but draw heavily on external scientific/technical knowledge. The Openly Closed Innovation refers to those innovations that are externally developed but meanwhile draw mainly on internal scientific/technical knowledge. The dataset used in this study is the Canadian Technological Innovation Dataset, which was obtained from a population survey for 1635 major industrial innovations in Canada during the period from 1945 to 1980. Based on a binary logistic regression model, the results show that totally closed innovation modes were positively associated with the likelihood of an innovation being worldfirst; meanwhile, the findings reveal an overall trend that innovation modes for world-first innovation had become less and less closed and a mix of open modes had become equally effective as the closed ones.
    Original languageEnglish
    Title of host publicationProceedings of the R&D Management Conference 2014
    Number of pages13
    PublisherFraunhofer IAO
    Publication date2014
    Pages592-602
    ISBN (Electronic)978-3-8396-0746-6
    Publication statusPublished - 2014
    EventR&D Management Conference 2014 - Stuttgart, Germany
    Duration: 3 Jun 20146 Jun 2014
    http://www.rnd2014.iao.fraunhofer.de/en/r-d-management-conference-2014.html

    Conference

    ConferenceR&D Management Conference 2014
    Country/TerritoryGermany
    CityStuttgart
    Period03/06/201406/06/2014
    Internet address

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