TY - JOUR
T1 - Chemical and molecular characterization of Phomopsis and Cytospora-like endophytes from different host plants in Brazil
AU - Abreu, Lucas M.
AU - Costa, Sarah S.
AU - Pfenning, Ludwig H.
AU - Takahashi, Jacqueline A.
AU - Larsen, Thomas Ostenfeld
AU - Andersen, Birgitte
PY - 2012
Y1 - 2012
N2 - Phomopsis and related taxa comprise important endophytic and plant pathogenic species, and are known for the production of a diverse array of secondary metabolites. Species concepts within this group based on morphological characters and assumed host specificity do not reflect phylogenetic affinities. Additional phenotypic characters, such as profiles of secondary metabolites, are needed for practical species recognition. We investigated 36 strains of Phomopsis spp. and Cytospora-like fungi, obtained as endophytes of different host plants in Brazil, using metabolite profiling based on HPLC–UV/liquid chromatography –mass spectrometry (LC–MS) combined with cluster analysis of the results. Strains were also subjected to phylogenetic analyses based on internal transcribed spacer (ITS) rDNA. Six chemotypes were identified. Chemotypes 1–5 contained Phomopsis strains, while Cytospora-like strains formed the chemotype 6. Strains of chemotype 1 typically produced alternariols, altenusin, altenuene, cytosporones, and dothiorelones. Alternariol and seven unknown compounds were consistently produced by strains of chemotype 2. Members of chemotypes 3–5 produced poor metabolite profiles containing few chemical markers. Cytospora-like endophytes (chemotype 6) produced a characteristic set of metabolites including cytosporones and dothiorelones. Bayesian and Maximum Parsimony (MP) trees classified strains of each chemotype into single phylogenetic lineages or closely related groups. Strains of chemotypes 1 and 2 formed a monophyletic group along with Diaporthe neotheicola. The remaining Phomopsis strains formed monophyletic (chemotype 4) or polyphyletic (chemotypes 3 and 5) lineages inside a large and well supported clade. Cytospora-like strains formed a monophyletic lineage located at an intermediary position between Diaporthe/Phomopsis and Valsa/Cytospora clades. The combined results show that the production of secondary metabolites by Phomopsis and related Diaporthales may be species-specific, giving support to the use of metabolite profiling and chemical classification for phenotypic recognition and delimitation of species.
AB - Phomopsis and related taxa comprise important endophytic and plant pathogenic species, and are known for the production of a diverse array of secondary metabolites. Species concepts within this group based on morphological characters and assumed host specificity do not reflect phylogenetic affinities. Additional phenotypic characters, such as profiles of secondary metabolites, are needed for practical species recognition. We investigated 36 strains of Phomopsis spp. and Cytospora-like fungi, obtained as endophytes of different host plants in Brazil, using metabolite profiling based on HPLC–UV/liquid chromatography –mass spectrometry (LC–MS) combined with cluster analysis of the results. Strains were also subjected to phylogenetic analyses based on internal transcribed spacer (ITS) rDNA. Six chemotypes were identified. Chemotypes 1–5 contained Phomopsis strains, while Cytospora-like strains formed the chemotype 6. Strains of chemotype 1 typically produced alternariols, altenusin, altenuene, cytosporones, and dothiorelones. Alternariol and seven unknown compounds were consistently produced by strains of chemotype 2. Members of chemotypes 3–5 produced poor metabolite profiles containing few chemical markers. Cytospora-like endophytes (chemotype 6) produced a characteristic set of metabolites including cytosporones and dothiorelones. Bayesian and Maximum Parsimony (MP) trees classified strains of each chemotype into single phylogenetic lineages or closely related groups. Strains of chemotypes 1 and 2 formed a monophyletic group along with Diaporthe neotheicola. The remaining Phomopsis strains formed monophyletic (chemotype 4) or polyphyletic (chemotypes 3 and 5) lineages inside a large and well supported clade. Cytospora-like strains formed a monophyletic lineage located at an intermediary position between Diaporthe/Phomopsis and Valsa/Cytospora clades. The combined results show that the production of secondary metabolites by Phomopsis and related Diaporthales may be species-specific, giving support to the use of metabolite profiling and chemical classification for phenotypic recognition and delimitation of species.
U2 - 10.1016/j.funbio.2011.11.008
DO - 10.1016/j.funbio.2011.11.008
M3 - Journal article
C2 - 22289771
SN - 1878-6146
VL - 116
SP - 249
EP - 260
JO - Fungal Biology
JF - Fungal Biology
IS - 2
ER -