Abstract
The use of mechanically strained acrylamide/acrylate copolymers is reported as a new alignment medium for biomacromolecules. Compared to uncharged, strained polyacrylamide gels, the negative charges of the acrylamide/acrylate copolymer strongly alter the alignment tensor and lead to pronounced electroosmotic swelling. The swelling itself can be used to achieve anisotropic, mechanical strain. The method is demonstrated for the alignment of TipAS, a 17 kDa antibiotic resistance protein, as well as for human ubiquitin, where alignment tensors with an A(ZZ,NH) of up to 60 Hz are achieved at a gel concentration of 2% (w/v). The alignment can be modulated by the variation of pH, ionic strength, and gel concentration. The high mechanical stability of the swollen gels makes it possible to obtain alignment at polymer concentrations of less than 1% (w/v).
Original language | English |
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Journal | Journal of Biomolecular N M R |
Volume | 24 |
Issue number | 4 |
Pages (from-to) | 351-356 |
Number of pages | 6 |
ISSN | 0925-2738 |
DOIs | |
Publication status | Published - 2002 |
Externally published | Yes |
Keywords
- Acrylamides
- Acrylic Resins
- Anisotropy
- Bacterial Proteins
- Humans
- Nuclear Magnetic Resonance, Biomolecular
- Proteins
- Static Electricity
- Trans-Activators
- Ubiquitin
- poly(acrylamide-co-acrylic acid)
- polyacrylamide gels
- tipAS protein, Streptomyces
- poly(acrylate methacrylate)
- polyacrylamide gel
- protein
- protein TipAs
- ubiquitin
- unclassified drug
- anisotropy
- concentration (parameters)
- controlled study
- electroosmosis
- ionic strength
- macromolecule
- mechanical stress
- molecular stability
- nuclear magnetic resonance spectroscopy
- pH
- priority journal
- review
- sequence alignment
- Electrostatics
- Dipolar couplings
- Electroosmosis
- Electrostatic alignment
- Polyelectrolyte
- TipAS
- BIOCHEMISTRY
- SPECTROSCOPY
- PHYSIOLOGICAL SALT-SOLUTIONS
- POLYACRYLATE HYDROGELS
- NMR
- MACROMOLECULES
- RESOLUTION
- COUPLINGS
- PROTEINS
- FIELD
- dipolar couplings
- electrostatic alignment
- polyelectrolyte
- acrylamide copolymer gel
- acrylate copolymer gel
- TipAS 122-20-3 antibiotic resistance protein
- ubiquitin 60267-61-0
- 10060, Biochemistry studies - General
- 10064, Biochemistry studies - Proteins, peptides and amino acids
- Biochemistry and Molecular Biophysics
- Chemistry
- Methods and Techniques