# Characterization and Optimization of Four-Wave-Mixing Wavelength Conversion System

*Corresponding author for this work

Research output: Contribution to journalJournal articleResearchpeer-review

### Abstract

In this work, we present a comprehensive experimental and numerical investigation of the impact of system parameters on wavelength converters based on four-wave-mixing, with focus on practical system implementations in addition to the interaction within the nonlinear medium. The input signal power optimization is emphasized according to the trade-off between the linear and the nonlinear impairments, and the origin of the limitations at the optimum is studied. The impact of the input signal quality on the converted idler is discussed, and depending on the dominant noise contribution a varying conversion penalty is demonstrated. The penalty is also shown to scale with increasing number of WDM channels due to additional nonlinear cross-talk between them. Finally, by means of numerical simulations we extend the experimental characterization to high pump powers, showing the impact of parametric noise amplification, and different pump laser linewidths, which lead to increased phase-noise transfer. The experimental characterization employs an integrated AlGaAs-on-insulator waveguide, and the numerical simulations accompany the results to make the analysis general for $\chi^{(3)}$ materials that satisfy the assumptions of the split-step Fourier method.
Original language English Journal of Lightwave Technology 37 21 5628-5636 9 0733-8724 https://doi.org/10.1109/JLT.2019.2933226 Published - 2019

### Keywords

• Four-wave mixing
• Integrated waveguides
• Coherent communications

### Cite this

title = "Characterization and Optimization of Four-Wave-Mixing Wavelength Conversion System",
abstract = "In this work, we present a comprehensive experimental and numerical investigation of the impact of system parameters on wavelength converters based on four-wave-mixing, with focus on practical system implementations in addition to the interaction within the nonlinear medium. The input signal power optimization is emphasized according to the trade-off between the linear and the nonlinear impairments, and the origin of the limitations at the optimum is studied. The impact of the input signal quality on the converted idler is discussed, and depending on the dominant noise contribution a varying conversion penalty is demonstrated. The penalty is also shown to scale with increasing number of WDM channels due to additional nonlinear cross-talk between them. Finally, by means of numerical simulations we extend the experimental characterization to high pump powers, showing the impact of parametric noise amplification, and different pump laser linewidths, which lead to increased phase-noise transfer. The experimental characterization employs an integrated AlGaAs-on-insulator waveguide, and the numerical simulations accompany the results to make the analysis general for $\chi^{(3)}$ materials that satisfy the assumptions of the split-step Fourier method.",
keywords = "Four-wave mixing, Integrated waveguides, Quadrature amplitude modulation, Coherent communications",
author = "Kaminski, {Pawel Marcin} and {Da Ros}, Francesco and {Porto da Silva}, Edson and Minhao Pu and Yankov, {Metodi Plamenov} and Elizaveta Semenova and Kresten Yvind and Clausen, {Anders Thomas} and S{\o}ren Forchhammer and Oxenl{\o}we, {Leif Katsuo} and Michael Galili",
year = "2019",
doi = "10.1109/JLT.2019.2933226",
language = "English",
volume = "37",
pages = "5628--5636",
journal = "Journal of Lightwave Technology",
issn = "0733-8724",
publisher = "Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers",
number = "21",

}

In: Journal of Lightwave Technology, Vol. 37, No. 21, 2019, p. 5628-5636.

Research output: Contribution to journalJournal articleResearchpeer-review

TY - JOUR

T1 - Characterization and Optimization of Four-Wave-Mixing Wavelength Conversion System

AU - Kaminski, Pawel Marcin

AU - Da Ros, Francesco

AU - Porto da Silva, Edson

AU - Pu, Minhao

AU - Yankov, Metodi Plamenov

AU - Semenova, Elizaveta

AU - Yvind, Kresten

AU - Clausen, Anders Thomas

AU - Forchhammer, Søren

AU - Oxenløwe, Leif Katsuo

AU - Galili, Michael

PY - 2019

Y1 - 2019

N2 - In this work, we present a comprehensive experimental and numerical investigation of the impact of system parameters on wavelength converters based on four-wave-mixing, with focus on practical system implementations in addition to the interaction within the nonlinear medium. The input signal power optimization is emphasized according to the trade-off between the linear and the nonlinear impairments, and the origin of the limitations at the optimum is studied. The impact of the input signal quality on the converted idler is discussed, and depending on the dominant noise contribution a varying conversion penalty is demonstrated. The penalty is also shown to scale with increasing number of WDM channels due to additional nonlinear cross-talk between them. Finally, by means of numerical simulations we extend the experimental characterization to high pump powers, showing the impact of parametric noise amplification, and different pump laser linewidths, which lead to increased phase-noise transfer. The experimental characterization employs an integrated AlGaAs-on-insulator waveguide, and the numerical simulations accompany the results to make the analysis general for $\chi^{(3)}$ materials that satisfy the assumptions of the split-step Fourier method.

AB - In this work, we present a comprehensive experimental and numerical investigation of the impact of system parameters on wavelength converters based on four-wave-mixing, with focus on practical system implementations in addition to the interaction within the nonlinear medium. The input signal power optimization is emphasized according to the trade-off between the linear and the nonlinear impairments, and the origin of the limitations at the optimum is studied. The impact of the input signal quality on the converted idler is discussed, and depending on the dominant noise contribution a varying conversion penalty is demonstrated. The penalty is also shown to scale with increasing number of WDM channels due to additional nonlinear cross-talk between them. Finally, by means of numerical simulations we extend the experimental characterization to high pump powers, showing the impact of parametric noise amplification, and different pump laser linewidths, which lead to increased phase-noise transfer. The experimental characterization employs an integrated AlGaAs-on-insulator waveguide, and the numerical simulations accompany the results to make the analysis general for $\chi^{(3)}$ materials that satisfy the assumptions of the split-step Fourier method.

KW - Four-wave mixing

KW - Integrated waveguides

KW - Coherent communications

U2 - 10.1109/JLT.2019.2933226

DO - 10.1109/JLT.2019.2933226

M3 - Journal article

VL - 37

SP - 5628

EP - 5636

JO - Journal of Lightwave Technology

JF - Journal of Lightwave Technology

SN - 0733-8724

IS - 21

ER -