Carrier Distortion in Hysteretic Self-Oscillating Class-D Audio Power: Amplifiers: Analysis and Optimization

Mikkel Christian Kofod Høyerby; Michael A. E. Andersen

doi:10.1109/TPEL.2008.2007956

Carrier Distortion in Hysteretic Self-Oscillating Class-D Audio Power: Amplifiers: Analysis and Optimization

Mikkel Christian Kofod Høyerby
, Michael A. E. Andersen

Research output: Contribution to journal › Journal article › Research › peer-review

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Abstract

An important distortion mechanism in hysteretic self-oscillating (SO) class-D (switch mode) power amplifiers-–carrier distortion-–is analyzed and an optimization method is proposed. This mechanism is an issue in any power amplifier application where a high degree of proportionality between input and output is required, such as in audio power amplifiers or xDSL drivers. From an average-mode point of view, carrier distortion is shown to be caused by nonlinear variation of the hysteretic comparator input average voltage with the output average voltage. This easily causes total harmonic distortion figures in excess of 0.1–0.2%, inadequate for high-quality audio applications. Carrier distortion is shown to be minimized when the feedback system is designed to provide a triangular carrier (sliding) signal at the input of a hysteretic comparator. The proposed optimization method is experimentally proven in an audio power amplifier leading to THD figures that are comparable to the state of the art. Experimental hardware is a hysteretic SO bandpass current-mode-controlled single-ended audio power amplifier capable of 45 W into 8 Omega or 80 W into 4 Omega from a pm34 V supply with less than 0.03% THD from 100 Hz to 6.7 kHz. Carrier distortion is shown to account for this limitation in THD performance.

Original language	English
Journal	IEEE Transactions on Power Electronics
Volume	24
Issue number	3-4
Pages (from-to)	714-729
ISSN	0885-8993
DOIs	https://doi.org/10.1109/TPEL.2008.2007956
Publication status	Published - 2009

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Copyright: 2009 IEEE. Personal use of this material is permitted. However, permission to reprint/republish this material for advertising or promotional purposes or for creating new collective works for resale or redistribution to servers or lists, or to reuse any copyrighted component of this work in other works must be obtained from the IEEE

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@article{435d3858161c47a7bae3d9fe045f6989,

title = "Carrier Distortion in Hysteretic Self-Oscillating Class-D Audio Power: Amplifiers: Analysis and Optimization",

abstract = "An important distortion mechanism in hysteretic self-oscillating (SO) class-D (switch mode) power amplifiers-{\textendash}carrier distortion-{\textendash}is analyzed and an optimization method is proposed. This mechanism is an issue in any power amplifier application where a high degree of proportionality between input and output is required, such as in audio power amplifiers or xDSL drivers. From an average-mode point of view, carrier distortion is shown to be caused by nonlinear variation of the hysteretic comparator input average voltage with the output average voltage. This easily causes total harmonic distortion figures in excess of 0.1{\textendash}0.2\%, inadequate for high-quality audio applications. Carrier distortion is shown to be minimized when the feedback system is designed to provide a triangular carrier (sliding) signal at the input of a hysteretic comparator. The proposed optimization method is experimentally proven in an audio power amplifier leading to THD figures that are comparable to the state of the art. Experimental hardware is a hysteretic SO bandpass current-mode-controlled single-ended audio power amplifier capable of 45 W into 8 Omega or 80 W into 4 Omega from a pm34 V supply with less than 0.03\% THD from 100 Hz to 6.7 kHz. Carrier distortion is shown to account for this limitation in THD performance.",

author = "H{\o}yerby, \{Mikkel Christian Kofod\} and Andersen, \{Michael A. E.\}",

note = "Copyright: 2009 IEEE. Personal use of this material is permitted. However, permission to reprint/republish this material for advertising or promotional purposes or for creating new collective works for resale or redistribution to servers or lists, or to reuse any copyrighted component of this work in other works must be obtained from the IEEE",

year = "2009",

doi = "10.1109/TPEL.2008.2007956",

language = "English",

volume = "24",

pages = "714--729",

journal = "IEEE Transactions on Power Electronics",

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T1 - Carrier Distortion in Hysteretic Self-Oscillating Class-D Audio Power

T2 - Amplifiers: Analysis and Optimization

AU - Høyerby, Mikkel Christian Kofod

AU - Andersen, Michael A. E.

N1 - Copyright: 2009 IEEE. Personal use of this material is permitted. However, permission to reprint/republish this material for advertising or promotional purposes or for creating new collective works for resale or redistribution to servers or lists, or to reuse any copyrighted component of this work in other works must be obtained from the IEEE

PY - 2009

Y1 - 2009

N2 - An important distortion mechanism in hysteretic self-oscillating (SO) class-D (switch mode) power amplifiers-–carrier distortion-–is analyzed and an optimization method is proposed. This mechanism is an issue in any power amplifier application where a high degree of proportionality between input and output is required, such as in audio power amplifiers or xDSL drivers. From an average-mode point of view, carrier distortion is shown to be caused by nonlinear variation of the hysteretic comparator input average voltage with the output average voltage. This easily causes total harmonic distortion figures in excess of 0.1–0.2%, inadequate for high-quality audio applications. Carrier distortion is shown to be minimized when the feedback system is designed to provide a triangular carrier (sliding) signal at the input of a hysteretic comparator. The proposed optimization method is experimentally proven in an audio power amplifier leading to THD figures that are comparable to the state of the art. Experimental hardware is a hysteretic SO bandpass current-mode-controlled single-ended audio power amplifier capable of 45 W into 8 Omega or 80 W into 4 Omega from a pm34 V supply with less than 0.03% THD from 100 Hz to 6.7 kHz. Carrier distortion is shown to account for this limitation in THD performance.

AB - An important distortion mechanism in hysteretic self-oscillating (SO) class-D (switch mode) power amplifiers-–carrier distortion-–is analyzed and an optimization method is proposed. This mechanism is an issue in any power amplifier application where a high degree of proportionality between input and output is required, such as in audio power amplifiers or xDSL drivers. From an average-mode point of view, carrier distortion is shown to be caused by nonlinear variation of the hysteretic comparator input average voltage with the output average voltage. This easily causes total harmonic distortion figures in excess of 0.1–0.2%, inadequate for high-quality audio applications. Carrier distortion is shown to be minimized when the feedback system is designed to provide a triangular carrier (sliding) signal at the input of a hysteretic comparator. The proposed optimization method is experimentally proven in an audio power amplifier leading to THD figures that are comparable to the state of the art. Experimental hardware is a hysteretic SO bandpass current-mode-controlled single-ended audio power amplifier capable of 45 W into 8 Omega or 80 W into 4 Omega from a pm34 V supply with less than 0.03% THD from 100 Hz to 6.7 kHz. Carrier distortion is shown to account for this limitation in THD performance.

U2 - 10.1109/TPEL.2008.2007956

DO - 10.1109/TPEL.2008.2007956

M3 - Journal article

SN - 0885-8993

VL - 24

SP - 714

EP - 729

JO - IEEE Transactions on Power Electronics

JF - IEEE Transactions on Power Electronics

IS - 3-4

ER -

Carrier Distortion in Hysteretic Self-Oscillating Class-D Audio Power: Amplifiers: Analysis and Optimization

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