@inproceedings{657ecf5b396e46fc94192be9cfd6f33d,
title = "Can Energy Communities Provide Ancillary Services? A Stochastic Program for Aggregated Bidding in the Nordic Ancillary Markets",
abstract = "With the volume of ancillary services required in the Nordic synchronous grid expected to grow in the next ten years, more ancillary services will need to be procured from smaller consumers. This work proposes a two-stage stochastic program that considers bidding a variety of flexible assets into the ancillary markets of the Nordic synchronous grid. The first stage determines optimal bid quantities in the various ancillary markets, while the second stage includes activation and delivery of the ancillary services. An in-sample and out-of-sample analysis based on historical data from the Nordic synchronous grid is performed to evaluate the model{\textquoteright}s performance and assess which markets are most beneficial in the current market framework. The results show that the community decides to bid almost exclusively into Frequency Containment Reserve (FCR-N and FCR-D) markets, with a small amount of bidding into the Manual Frequency Recovery Reserve (mFRR). Additionally, an out-of-sample analysis shows that with an in-sample size of only 100 scenarios, ancillary services can be reliably delivered in 96.8% of out-of-sample scenarios.",
keywords = "Ancillary services, Energy communities, Flexibility, Stochastic operation",
author = "Bennevis Crowley and Magid, {Sarah E. C.} and Nielsen, {Daniel B. V.} and Junesoo Shin and Skak-Iversen, {Anne S.}",
year = "2024",
doi = "10.1109/SmartGridComm60555.2024.10738093",
language = "English",
series = "IEEE International Conference on Communications, Control, and Computing Technologies for Smart Grids (SmartGridComm)",
publisher = "IEEE",
pages = "283--288",
booktitle = "Proceedings of 2024 IEEE International Conference on Communications, Control, and Computing Technologies for Smart Grids (SmartGridComm)",
address = "United States",
note = "IEEE SmartGridComm 2024 ; Conference date: 17-09-2024 Through 20-09-2024",
}