Biological oceanography across the Southern Indian Ocean – basinscale trends in the zooplankton community

We present a study on the protozooplankton 45 mm and copepods larger than 50 mm at a series of contrasting stations across the Southern Indian Ocean (SIO). Numerically, over 80% of the copepod community across the transect was less than 650 mm in size, dominated by nauplii, and smaller copepods, while 80% of the biomass (as mg C m3) was larger than 1300 mm in body length. Predation
by the carnivorous copepod Corycaeus sp. was estimated to be able to remove up to 2% d1 of the copepods o1000 mm in size. By the help of grazing models we estimated that primary producers were mainly grazed upon by ciliates and heterotrophic dinoflagellates (40–80% d1 combined) in temperate waters but appendicularians became increasingly important in the tropical waters grazing about 40% of the biomass per day. Despite their high abundance and biomass, copepods contributed less than 20% of the grazing at most stations. Secondary production was low (carbon specific egg production o0.14 d1) but typical for food limited oligotrophic oceans