Battery energy storage systems in the Nordic grid: characteristics and ancillary service provision

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Abstract

Battery energy storage systems (BESSs) have become an integral component of renewable-based power systems, offering a range of applications and balancing power systems. With the maturation of the ancillary service market, regulations are established to guide the operation of BESS. Numerous simulations and optimizations have been developed for long-and short-term project feasibility. However, a comprehensive understanding of real-life BESS performance is often lacking, including response time, power provision, load following capacity, and degradation. This gap leads to potential pitfalls of advanced optimization strategies based on idealized assumptions of BESS. To address this, round-trip tests and service provision tests are carried out with the recording of raw data, including current and voltage over time, deriving the BESS performance, such as power, capacity, energy, and efficiency. Specifically, More than 99.2% Coulomb efficiency and 96.6% energy efficiency are observed for consecutive cycles, with 5% to 8 % capacity fluctuations over months. The one-second response behavior is analyzed when changing power set points during service provision. Our study contributes to validating BESS models and offers realistic insights justifying BESS research and developments, towards a substantial understanding of grid-connected BESS applications.
Original languageEnglish
Title of host publicationProceedings of 2024 IEEE Power & Energy Society General Meeting (PESGM)
Number of pages5
PublisherIEEE
Publication date2024
ISBN (Electronic)979-8-3503-8183-2
DOIs
Publication statusPublished - 2024
Event2024 IEEE Power & Energy Society General Meeting - Seattle, United States
Duration: 21 Jul 202425 Jul 2024

Conference

Conference2024 IEEE Power & Energy Society General Meeting
Country/TerritoryUnited States
CitySeattle
Period21/07/202425/07/2024
SeriesIeee Power and Energy Society General Meeting
ISSN1944-9933

Keywords

  • Battery energy storage system
  • Frequency response
  • Capacity test
  • Grid compliance test

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