Abstract
Reversible protein phosphorylation is a major mechanism in the regulation of fundamental signalling events in all living organisms. Bacteria have been shown to possess a versatile repertoire of protein kinases, including histidine and aspartic acid kinases, serine/threonine kinases, and more recently tyrosine and arginine kinases. Tyrosine phosphorylation is today recognized as a key regulatory device of bacterial physiology, linked to exopolysaccharide production, virulence, stress response and DNA metabolism. However, bacteria have evolved tyrosine kinases that share no resemblance with their eukaryotic counterparts and are unique in exploiting the ATP/GTP-binding Walker motif to catalyse autophosphorylation and substrate phosphorylation on tyrosine. These enzymes, named BY-kinases (for Bacterial tYrosine kinases), have been identified in a majority of sequenced bacterial genomes, and to date no orthologues have been found in Eukarya. The aim of this review was to present the most recent knowledge about BY-kinases by focusing primarily on their evolutionary origin, structural and functional aspects, and emerging regulatory potential based on recent bacterial phosphoproteomic studies.
Original language | English |
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Journal | Philosophical Transactions of the Royal Society B: Biological Sciences |
Volume | 367 |
Issue number | 1602 |
Pages (from-to) | 2640-2655 |
ISSN | 0962-8436 |
DOIs | |
Publication status | Published - 2012 |
Externally published | Yes |
Keywords
- evolution
- genome
- stress response
- Microorganisms (Bacteria, Eubacteria, Microorganisms) - Bacteria [05000] bacteria common
- arginine kinase 9026-70-4 EC 2.7.3.3
- aspartic acid kinase
- ATP 111839-44-2
- DNA metabolism
- exopolysaccharide
- GTP 86-01-1
- histidine 4998-57-6
- serine/threonine kinase EC 2.7.11.1
- tyrosine 556-03-6
- tyrosine kinase 80449-02-1
- 01500, Evolution
- 10062, Biochemistry studies - Nucleic acids, purines and pyrimidines
- 10064, Biochemistry studies - Proteins, peptides and amino acids
- 10802, Enzymes - General and comparative studies: coenzymes
- 31000, Physiology and biochemistry of bacteria
- Biochemistry and Molecular Biophysics
- Enzymology
- Evolution and Adaptation