Aviation Fuel Gauging Sensor Utilizing Multiple Diaphragm Sensors Incorporating Polymer Optical Fiber Bragg Gratings

C. A. F. Marques; A. Pospori; D. Saez-Rodriguez; Kristian Nielsen; Ole Bang; D. J. Webb

doi:10.1109/JSEN.2016.2577782

Aviation Fuel Gauging Sensor Utilizing Multiple Diaphragm Sensors Incorporating Polymer Optical Fiber Bragg Gratings

C. A. F. Marques, A. Pospori, D. Saez-Rodriguez, Kristian Nielsen, Ole Bang, D. J. Webb

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Abstract

A high-performance fuel gauging sensor is described that uses five diaphragm-based pressure sensors, which are monitored using a linear array of polymer optical fiber Bragg gratings. The sensors were initially characterized using water, revealing a sensitivity of 98 pm/cm for four of the sensors and 86 pm/cm for the fifth. The discrepancy in the sensitivity of the fifth sensor has been explained as being a result of the annealing of the other four sensors. Initial testing in JET A-1 aviation fuel revealed the unsuitability of silicone rubber diaphragms for prolonged usage in fuel. A second set of sensors manufactured with a polyurethane-based diaphragm showed no measurable deterioration over a three month period immersed in fuel. These sensors exhibited a sensitivity of 39 pm/cm, which is less than the silicone rubber devices due to the stiffer nature of the polyurethane material used.

Original language	English
Journal	I E E E Sensors Journal
Volume	16
Issue number	15
Pages (from-to)	6122-6129
ISSN	1530-437X
DOIs	https://doi.org/10.1109/JSEN.2016.2577782
Publication status	Published - 2016

Keywords

ENGINEERING,
INSTRUMENTS
PHYSICS,
LIQUID-LEVEL SENSOR
CORE
Fiber Bragg gratings
polymer optical fiber sensors
pressure sensors
fuel level monitoring
aircraft applications
Electrical and Electronic Engineering
Instrumentation
Bragg gratings
Elastomers
Fibers
Fuels
Optical fibers
Plastic optical fibers
Polymers
Polyurethanes
Pressure sensors
Rubber
Rubber testing
Silicones
Aircraft applications
Aviation fuel
Fuel gauging
Fuel levels
Jet A-1
Linear arrays
Polyurethane materials
Silicone rubber
Diaphragms
silicone rubber
aircraft
diaphragms
fibre optic sensors
fuel
level measurement
pressure gauges
polyurethane-based diaphragm
aviation fuel gauging sensor
multiple diaphragm sensors
polymer optical fiber Bragg gratings
diaphragm-based pressure sensors
linear array
water
annealing
JET A-1 aviation fuel
silicone rubber diaphragms
Optical fiber sensors
Sensitivity
Liquids
Fibre optic sensors; fibre gyros
Pressure measurement
Gratings, echelles
Spatial variables measurement
Fibre optic sensors
Pressure and vacuum measurement
Level, flow and volume measurement
Measurement
Fuel processing industry
Aerospace industry

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title = "Aviation Fuel Gauging Sensor Utilizing Multiple Diaphragm Sensors Incorporating Polymer Optical Fiber Bragg Gratings",

abstract = "A high-performance fuel gauging sensor is described that uses five diaphragm-based pressure sensors, which are monitored using a linear array of polymer optical fiber Bragg gratings. The sensors were initially characterized using water, revealing a sensitivity of 98 pm/cm for four of the sensors and 86 pm/cm for the fifth. The discrepancy in the sensitivity of the fifth sensor has been explained as being a result of the annealing of the other four sensors. Initial testing in JET A-1 aviation fuel revealed the unsuitability of silicone rubber diaphragms for prolonged usage in fuel. A second set of sensors manufactured with a polyurethane-based diaphragm showed no measurable deterioration over a three month period immersed in fuel. These sensors exhibited a sensitivity of 39 pm/cm, which is less than the silicone rubber devices due to the stiffer nature of the polyurethane material used.",

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author = "Marques, {C. A. F.} and A. Pospori and D. Saez-Rodriguez and Kristian Nielsen and Ole Bang and Webb, {D. J.}",

year = "2016",

doi = "10.1109/JSEN.2016.2577782",

language = "English",

volume = "16",

pages = "6122--6129",

journal = "IEEE Sensors Journal",

issn = "1530-437X",

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T1 - Aviation Fuel Gauging Sensor Utilizing Multiple Diaphragm Sensors Incorporating Polymer Optical Fiber Bragg Gratings

AU - Marques, C. A. F.

AU - Pospori, A.

AU - Saez-Rodriguez, D.

AU - Nielsen, Kristian

AU - Bang, Ole

AU - Webb, D. J.

PY - 2016

Y1 - 2016

N2 - A high-performance fuel gauging sensor is described that uses five diaphragm-based pressure sensors, which are monitored using a linear array of polymer optical fiber Bragg gratings. The sensors were initially characterized using water, revealing a sensitivity of 98 pm/cm for four of the sensors and 86 pm/cm for the fifth. The discrepancy in the sensitivity of the fifth sensor has been explained as being a result of the annealing of the other four sensors. Initial testing in JET A-1 aviation fuel revealed the unsuitability of silicone rubber diaphragms for prolonged usage in fuel. A second set of sensors manufactured with a polyurethane-based diaphragm showed no measurable deterioration over a three month period immersed in fuel. These sensors exhibited a sensitivity of 39 pm/cm, which is less than the silicone rubber devices due to the stiffer nature of the polyurethane material used.

AB - A high-performance fuel gauging sensor is described that uses five diaphragm-based pressure sensors, which are monitored using a linear array of polymer optical fiber Bragg gratings. The sensors were initially characterized using water, revealing a sensitivity of 98 pm/cm for four of the sensors and 86 pm/cm for the fifth. The discrepancy in the sensitivity of the fifth sensor has been explained as being a result of the annealing of the other four sensors. Initial testing in JET A-1 aviation fuel revealed the unsuitability of silicone rubber diaphragms for prolonged usage in fuel. A second set of sensors manufactured with a polyurethane-based diaphragm showed no measurable deterioration over a three month period immersed in fuel. These sensors exhibited a sensitivity of 39 pm/cm, which is less than the silicone rubber devices due to the stiffer nature of the polyurethane material used.

KW - ENGINEERING,

KW - INSTRUMENTS

KW - PHYSICS,

KW - LIQUID-LEVEL SENSOR

KW - CORE

KW - Fiber Bragg gratings

KW - polymer optical fiber sensors

KW - pressure sensors

KW - fuel level monitoring

KW - aircraft applications

KW - Electrical and Electronic Engineering

KW - Instrumentation

KW - Bragg gratings

KW - Elastomers

KW - Fibers

KW - Fuels

KW - Optical fibers

KW - Plastic optical fibers

KW - Polymers

KW - Polyurethanes

KW - Pressure sensors

KW - Rubber

KW - Rubber testing

KW - Silicones

KW - Aircraft applications

KW - Aviation fuel

KW - Fuel gauging

KW - Fuel levels

KW - Jet A-1

KW - Linear arrays

KW - Polyurethane materials

KW - Silicone rubber

KW - Diaphragms

KW - silicone rubber

KW - aircraft

KW - diaphragms

KW - fibre optic sensors

KW - fuel

KW - level measurement

KW - pressure gauges

KW - polyurethane-based diaphragm

KW - aviation fuel gauging sensor

KW - multiple diaphragm sensors

KW - polymer optical fiber Bragg gratings

KW - diaphragm-based pressure sensors

KW - linear array

KW - water

KW - annealing

KW - JET A-1 aviation fuel

KW - silicone rubber diaphragms

KW - Optical fiber sensors

KW - Sensitivity

KW - Liquids

KW - Fibre optic sensors; fibre gyros

KW - Pressure measurement

KW - Gratings, echelles

KW - Spatial variables measurement

KW - Fibre optic sensors

KW - Pressure and vacuum measurement

KW - Level, flow and volume measurement

KW - Measurement

KW - Fuel processing industry

KW - Aerospace industry

U2 - 10.1109/JSEN.2016.2577782

DO - 10.1109/JSEN.2016.2577782

M3 - Journal article

VL - 16

SP - 6122

EP - 6129

JO - IEEE Sensors Journal

JF - IEEE Sensors Journal

SN - 1530-437X

IS - 15

ER -

Aviation Fuel Gauging Sensor Utilizing Multiple Diaphragm Sensors Incorporating Polymer Optical Fiber Bragg Gratings

Abstract

Keywords

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